All About Coffee Part 144

1679[L]--The first coffee house in Germany is opened by an English merchant at Hamburg.

1683--Coffee is sold publicly in New York.

1683--Kolschitzky opens the first coffee house in Vienna.

1684--Dufour publishes at Lyons, France, the first work on _The Manner of Making Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate_.

1685--_Cafe au lait_ is first recommended for use as a medicine by Sieur Monin, a celebrated physician of Gren.o.ble, France.

1686--John Ray, one of the first English botanists to extol the virtues of coffee in a scientific treatise, publishes his _Universal Botany of Plants_ in London.

1686--The first coffee house is opened in Regensburg, Germany.

1689--Cafe de Procope, the first real French cafe, is opened in Paris by Francois Procope, a Sicilian, coming from Florence.

1689--The first coffee house is opened in Boston.

1691--Portable coffee-making outfits to fit the pocket find favor in France.

1692--The "lantern" straight-line coffee pot with true cone lid, thumb-piece, and handle fixed at right angle to the spout, is introduced into England, succeeding the curved Oriental serving pot.

1694--The first coffee house is opened in Leipzig, Germany.

1696--The first coffee house (The King's Arms) is opened in New York.

1696--The first coffee seedlings are brought from Kananur, on the Malabar coast, and introduced into Java at Kedawoeng, near Batavia, but not long afterward are destroyed by flood.

1699--The second s.h.i.+pment of coffee plants from Malabar to Java by Henricus Zwaardecroon becomes the progenitors of all the _arabica_ coffee trees in the Dutch East Indies.

1699--Galland's translation of the earliest Arabian ma.n.u.script on coffee appears in Paris under the t.i.tle, _Concerning the First Use of Coffee and the Progress It Afterward Made_.

1700--Ye coffee house, the first in Philadelphia, is built by Samuel Carpenter.

1700-1800--Small portable c.o.ke or charcoal stoves made of sheet-iron, and fitted with horizontal revolving cylinders turned by hand, come into use for family roasting.

1701--Coffee pots appear in England with perfect domes and bodies less tapering.

1702--The first "London" coffee house is established in Philadelphia.

1704--Bull's machine for roasting coffee, probably the first to use coal for commercial roasting, is patented in England.

1706--The first samples of Java coffee, and a coffee plant grown in Java, are received at the Amsterdam botanical gardens.

1707--The first coffee periodical, _The New and Curious Coffee House_, is issued at Leipzig by Theophilo Georgi, as a kind of organ of the first kaffee-klatsch.

1711--Java coffee is first sold at public auction in Amsterdam.

1711--A novelty in coffee-making is introduced into France by infusing the ground beans in a fustian (linen) bag.

1712--The first coffee house is opened in Stuttgart, Germany.

1713--The first coffee house is opened in Augsburg, Germany.

1714--The thumb-piece on English coffee pots disappears, and the handle is no longer set at a right angle to the spout.

1714--A coffee plant, raised from seed of the plant received at the Amsterdam botanical gardens in 1706, is presented to Louis XIV of France, and is nurtured in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris.

1715--Jean La Roque publishes in Paris his _Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse_ (voyage to Arabia the Happy) containing much valuable information on coffee in Arabia and its introduction into France.

1715--Coffee cultivation is introduced into Haiti and Santo Domingo.

1715-17--Coffee cultivation is introduced into the Isle of Bourbon (now Reunion) by a sea captain of St. Malo, who brings the plants from Mocha by direction of the French Company of the Indies.

1718--Coffee cultivation is introduced into Surinam by the Dutch.

1718--Abbe Ma.s.sieu's _Carmen Caffaeum_, the first and most notable poem on coffee written in Latin, is composed, and is read before the Academy of Inscriptions.

1720--Caffe Florian is opened in Venice by Floriono Francesconi.

1721--The first coffee house is opened in Berlin, Germany.

1721--Meisner publishes a treatise on coffee, tea, and chocolate.

1722--Coffee cultivation is introduced into Cayenne, from Surinam.

1723--The first coffee plantation started in the Portuguese colony of Para, Brazil, with plants brought from Cayenne (French Guiana) results in failure.

1723--Gabriel de Clieu, Norman captain of infantry, sails from France, accompanied by one of the seedlings of the Java tree presented to Louis XIV, and with it shares his drinking water on a protracted voyage to Martinique.

1730--The English bring the cultivation of coffee to Jamaica.

1732--The British Parliament seeks to encourage the cultivation of coffee in British possessions in America by reducing the inland duty.

1732--Bach's celebrated _Coffee Cantata_ is published in Leipzig.

1737--The Merchants' coffee house is established in New York; by some called the true cradle of American liberty and the birthplace of the Union.

1740--Coffee culture is introduced into the Philippines from Java by Spanish missionaries.

1748--Coffee cultivation is introduced into Cuba by Don Jose Antonio Gelabert.

1750--Coffee cultivation is introduced into Celebes from Java.

1750--The straight-line coffee pot in England begins to give way to the reactionary movement in art favoring bulbous bodies and serpentine spouts; the sides are nearly parallel, while the dome of the lid is flattened to a slight elevation above the rim.

1752--Intensive coffee cultivation is resumed in the Portuguese colonies in Para and Amazonas, Brazil.

1754--A white-silver coffee roaster, eight inches high by four inches in diameter, is mentioned as being among the deliveries made to the army of Louis XV at Versailles.