Zen Culture Part 26

Ch'an: belief system founded by Bodhidharma in the sixth century in China, combining elements of Indian Buddhism and Chinese Taoism and known in j.a.pan as Zen.

Ch'ang-an: T'ang Chinese capital which was the model for the

original j.a.panese capital at Nara.

_cha-no-yu_: j.a.panese tea ceremony, which became the vehicle for the preservation of Zen aesthetic theory.

_chigai-dana_: decorative shelf system in traditional j.a.panese houses which was borrowed from storage cabinets in Ch'an monasteries.i

_chinzo_: realistic polychromatic character studes of Zen masters.

Chojiro (1515-1592): first great _raku _potter and founder of _raku _dynasty.

_choka_: early j.a.panese poetry form, longer than Haiku.

Chuang Tzu: traditionally a fourth century B.C. Taoist.

_daimyo_: feudal governor of a domain, who often retained a force of _samurai_.

Daisen-in: temple which is the site of a famous Zen stone garden

in Kyoto.

Daitoku-ji: major Zen monastery in Kyoto, site of Daisin-in temple.

_dharma_: term denoting the universal order of the universe. _dhyana_: Sanskrit term for meditation, corrupted to "Ch'an" in

Chinese and "Zen" in j.a.panese.

Dogen (1200-1253): priest who introduced Soto sect of Zen to

j.a.pan, founding a temple in 1236.

Eisai (1141-121 5): founder of Rinzai sect of Zen in j.a.pan (1191).

_en_: Heian aesthetic term meaning charming, sprightly.

_engawa_: outer walkway around traditional j.a.panese house, between amado and shoji.

_eta_: formerly outcast cla.s.s in j.a.pan because of a.s.sociation with

meat and hides industry.

_fusuma_: sliding part.i.tions in the traditional j.a.panese house.

Gautama: original name of the Buddha.

_genkan_: portico in the traditional house where shoes are removed.

Ginkaku-ji: "Silver Pavilion" built by Yos.h.i.+masa in 1482.

G.o.daigo: ill-fated emperor who reigned from 1318 to 1339 and

attempted to restore genuine imperial rule.

Gozan: five most important Zen monasteries, or "Five Mountains," which in Kyoto were Tenryu-ji, Shokoku-ji, Tof.u.ku-ji, Kennin-ji, and Manju- ji.

_haboku_: "broken ink" style of monochrome painting.

_haikai_: Early name for poetic form now known as Haiku.

_Haiku_: verse form consisting of seventeen syllables.

Hakuin (1685-1768): Zen teacher of Tokugawa period who revived Rinzai sect.

_haniwa_: clay sculpture of the pre-Buddhist period.

_harakiri_: ritual suicide, more politely known as seppuku.

Heian: Period of indigenous aristocratic culture.

_hibachi_: small brazier heater in the traditional j.a.panese house.

Hideyori (1593-1615): son of Hideyos.h.i.+, committed suicide when defeated by Tokugawa Ievasu.

Hideyos.h.i.+ (1536-1598): general who a.s.sumed control of j.a.pan after Oda n.o.bunaga was murdered and who inspired Momoyama age of j.a.panese art.

Hinayana: more traditional form of j.a.panese Buddhism, which is practiced in Southeast Asia.

_hinoki_: j.a.panese cypress.

Hojo: regents who dominated the Kamakura period of j.a.panese history

_hokku_: first three lines of a renga, or linked verse, which later came to be written alone as a Haiku.

Honen (1133-1212): founder of the Jodo or Pure Land sect

(1175)

Hosokawa: clan which served as advisers and regents for the As.h.i.+kaga.

Hsia Kuei (active ca. 1180-1230): Southern Sung Chinese painter whose stvle strongly influenced later Zen artists in j.a.pan.

Hui-k'o (487-593): Second Patriarch of Chinese Ch'an, said to have cut off his arm to attract Bodhidharma's notice.

Hui-neng (638-713): Sixth Patriarch of Ch'an and founder of the Southern school of Ch'an which was transmitted to j.a.pan.

Hung-jen (605-675): Fifth Patriarch of Ch'an and teacher of Hui-neng.

Ievasu (1542-1616): founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled j.a.pan from 1615 to 1868.

Ikebana: j.a.panese flower arranging.