Paul Madriani: The Jury Part 5

"I did."

"And where did you do this?"

"In the examination room at the coroner's office. As part of the preautopsy examination. We also took photographs at that time."

"And as part of that examination, were you able to determine anything else regarding possible identification of the perpetrator of this crime?"

"I was able to make certain determinations."

"For example?"

"Based on the placement of the ligature around the victim's throat, it is my opinion that the killer was left-handed."

As he says this, Crone, who has been copiously taking notes at the table next to me, suddenly stops and lays his pen down. Unfortunately, he isn't quick enough. Several of the jurors are looking at the ballpoint pen resting on the table, angled like an arrow toward his left hand, which just laid it down.

"Can you tell the jury how you came to this conclusion?"

"Ordinarily with a garrote, or a piece of rope, it might be difficult to tell," says Schwimmer, "although the dominant hand usually leaves some telltale bruising where the hands cross over. The ligature is twisted as the a.s.sailant applies pressure. But in this case it is fairly easy, and certain. The reason," he says, "is the design of the cable tie itself."

He picks up a fresh one from the bag as if to emphasize.

"The a.s.sailant would insert the end of the tie into the yoke, making a loop." Schwimmer does this with the tie.

"From the tool marks on the nylon tail it is clear that the a.s.sailant used a tensioning tool to gain leverage. This would give him a solid grip on the thin nylon. In doing this, in using the tool to pull the loop closed, it is natural that the killer would use the dominant hand to pull the handle of the tool, and the weak hand to position the loop in place at the posterior of the victim's neck. That means that when the act was completed, when the cable tie was fully tightened, the tail of the tie pa.s.sing through the yoke would pa.s.s from right to left behind the victim's neck as it exited the yoke. The tail would be in the direction of the killer's dominant hand. In this case, the left hand. This was, in fact, what I observed before removing the cable tie from around the victim's neck."

"Thank you, Doctor." Tannery has some close-up photographs of this, which the witness quickly identifies. These are marked for identification and placed into evidence without objection. He then identifies the cable tie used to kill Kalista Jordan sealed in its plastic evidence bag, still coiled in its deadly loop even though cut. This, too, is lettered for identification and moved into evidence.

"Just as a point of information, Doctor, do you have any scientific basis or knowledge as to what proportion of the general population is left-handed?" asks Tannery.

"About ten percent," says Schwimmer.

"A distinct minority," says Tannery.

"Correct."

I can feel Crone as he bristles at this.

"Were you able to determine anything else from your observations during or before the autopsy?"

"Yes. It was apparent that the killer was taller than the victim. I would estimate, approximately six feet in height."

"And how did you determine this?"

"The ligature, while being applied nearly on a level, was pulled up slightly higher at the back of the neck. As I said, above the first cervical vertebra. That would indicate that as the killer applied pressure, the ligature was being pulled just slightly upward, accounting for a difference in height. I determined the a.s.sailant to be approximately six feet tall by taking the height of the victim and the slight angle of the ligature and making some calculations."

"I see." Tannery then takes the witness through the process of dismemberment, the fact that Kalista Jordan's arms and legs were severed neatly at the joints. Three of these were never found when her torso floated up on the beach along the strand.

"Could you tell how long she had been in the water?"

"At least three days."

"Could sharks or other predators have accounted for the missing limbs?"

"Not unless they had medical training," says Schwimmer. Several of the jurors laugh at the dark humor.

"Objection."

"Sustained."

"Could sharks have accounted for this?" Tannery holds up one of the photographs toward the jury.

"No. There were no tooth marks, no broken bones. Whoever dismembered the body after death knew what he or she was doing."

"Is it likely that this person had medical or surgical training?"

"Objection."

"I'm asking the witness for his expert opinion," says Tannery.

"I'll allow it," says the judge.

"It's possible," says Schwimmer. "The incisions at the joints were made by a very sharp instrument."

"Like a scalpel?"

"Possibly."

"Thank you, Doctor. No further questions."

Coats looks down at me. "Your witness, Mr. Madriani."

The tactic here is always the same, playing the game of the possible. Securing little wedges of concession from the expert, issues on which he cannot be absolutely certain, and to maneuver for openings that can be exploited.

"Dr. Schwimmer. Am I p.r.o.nouncing your name correctly?"

He nods and smiles.

"In your autopsy report you stated that the victim suffered several severe lacerations and contusions to the head."

"That's true."

"Were you able to determine what caused these?"

"No."

"Do you know whether these contusions and lacerations were suffered before death or after the victim was killed?"

"No. It was not possible. The body was in the water too long."

This was a point covered in his report. Ordinarily, bleeding into the tissues surrounding a contusion or laceration might indicate that it was an injury sustained before death, before the heart stopped beating. In this case, immersion in salt water for two or three days destroyed many of the forensic signs that the state might have followed.

"So it's possible that these bruises, the contusions and lacerations on Kalista Jordan's head, were inflicted before death."

"It's possible."

"As I recall from your report, there were three distinct contusions, one on the left side in the parietal area, and two to the back of the head near the right temporal region. Is that correct?"

"I believe so."

"Would you care to consult your report?"

"No. That's correct."

"Were any of these contusions, particularly the two to the back of the head, consistent with blunt-force trauma?"

He thinks for a moment, evaluates the issue, a theologian splitting hairs.

"You understand what I mean by blunt-force trauma, Doctor? The application by force of a blunt instrument used to strike the head of the victim."

"I understand." He looks at me sternly as if I'm questioning his credentials.

"It's possible," he says. "She could also have fallen, striking her head. Or the injuries could have occurred after she was in the water. Wave action being thrown into rocks. It's not possible to tell," he says.

"But it's possible that these contusions were the result of blunt-force trauma, before the victim died, is it not?"

"Yes."

"It's possible, is it not, that they could be the result of the a.s.sailant or a.s.sailants striking the victim, Kalista Jordan, with a blunt instrument in order to render her unconscious?"

"It's possible."

The opening I'm looking for.

"So if one or more of these contusions to the head were the result of blunt-force trauma, isn't it possible that the victim was not only unconscious at the time of death, but that she may have been unconscious at the time the cable tie was applied over her head, or around her neck, and tightened?"

He thinks about this for a moment, and then finally says: "I don't know."

"Isn't it possible that blows to the head, blows sufficient to cause these contusions, could have rendered the victim unconscious, Doctor?"

The problem for Schwimmer is that he cannot know. A concussion, one sufficient to knock a person unconscious, is virtually impossible to detect, even from tissue slides of the brain following an autopsy. It is difficult to argue with what he cannot know.

He begins to nod in concession. "It's possible," he says.

"And if these blows did render the victim unconscious, then there would have been no struggle. No need to slip up behind the victim. No need to prepare the cable tie in advance and no need to attach the tensioning tool before the killer actually used it. Isn't that true, Doctor?"

"I suppose. If the blows, as you say, rendered her unconscious. We do not know that."

"But we know that she suffered these contusions."

"Yes."

"And we know that they could have been caused, that it's possible they were caused by blunt-force trauma and that this could have occurred before death?"

"It's possible."

I take a long breath. He has opened the door just a crack.

"Let's a.s.sume, for a moment, that the victim was knocked unconscious by blunt-force trauma before the cable tie was applied. Is it not fair, then, to a.s.sume that she would be lying down on the ground or the floor, or at least not standing on her own two feet, when the cable tie was applied?"

"I suppose. It's possible." He is now slipping behind the curve in the game of possibilities.

"Possible? If she were unconscious, how could she be standing?"

"She couldn't. She would be in a supine position."

"Lying down. In fact, collapsed. Isn't that true?"

"Yes." Schwimmer can see where I am going, but he can't avoid it.

"And if this were the case, if she were lying down, then the cable tie could easily have been placed around her neck and the end slipped into the yoke afterward?"

"I suppose."

"And in that case the a.s.sailant would not have worried about which hand was dominant in order to pull the cable tie tight, would he?"

"Oh, I think he would still use his dominant hand."

"Yes, but if the victim were lying down, we don't know whether the a.s.sailant was standing over her head facing her feet when he pulled the tie closed, do we?"

He sees the problem.

"In that case, the killer would be pulling the cable tie closed with his right hand in order to have the tail of the tie pa.s.s from right to left through the yoke. He could be kneeling on her shoulder, reaching across his body and pulling it like he was starting a chain saw. Isn't that a fact, Doctor?"

"Well, if the relative positions of the parties are changed . . ."

"What's changed is that the victim is down and unconscious," I tell him. "And if that's the case, then your opinion as to the killer's dominant hand is no longer relevant, is it?"

"No. a.s.suming those facts."

It wasn't hard for the cops to determine that David Crone was left-handed, and to tailor their case accordingly.

"So that we're clear, if the victim were lying down, since she could have been approached from any angle, is there any way to be certain which hand was used to tighten the cable tie?"

He thinks for a moment, looking for some way out, then concedes the point. "No."

"Nor is there any way to determine the height of the a.s.sailant, is there? If the victim were on the ground."

"No."