The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto Part 88

Verily = _vere_.

Very = _tre_.

Very seldom = _tre malofte_.

Very soon = _tre baldau_.

Vice versa = _kontraue; inverse_.

Virtually = _praktike; lauintence_.

W

Weekly = _ciusemajne_.

Well = _bone; nu!_ Well-nigh = _preskau_.

What = _kio; kia_.

What else = _kia alia; kio alia_.

What is to be done? = _kion fari?_ What matters it? = _Kiom gravas?_ Whatever = _kia ajn_.

Whatever quant.i.ty = _kiom ajn_.

When = _kiam_; or, _tiam, kiam_.

Whence = _de kie_; or, _el kie_.

Whencesoever = _de kie ajn_; or, _el kie ajn_.

Whenever, whensoever = _kiam ajn; ciufoje kiam; ciun fojon kiam_.

Where = _kie; kien_.

Whereas = _kiam efektive; car; tial ke; pro tio, ke_.

Whereby = _per kio_.

Wherefore = _kial_.

Wherever, wheresoever = _kie ajn; kien ajn_.

Wherein = _en kio_.

Whereof = _pri kio; pri kiu; el kio_.

Whereupon = _pro kio; sekve de kio; tuj post kio; ce kio_.

Whether = _cu_.

Whether ... or = _cu ... au_.

Whether ... whether = _cu ... cu_.

Which = _kio; kiu_.

Which of the two = _kiu el la du_.

Whichever, whoever = _kiu ajn_.

While, whilst = _dum; kiam efektive_.

Whither = _kien_.

Whithersoever = _kien ajn_.

Whose = _kies_.

Why = _kial; pro kio; por kio_.

Willingly = _volonte_.

With = _kiu; per; ce; el_, etc., according to sense.

With a view to = _por ke; en la celo de_.

With advantage = _profite; utile_.

With difficulty = _malfacile_.

With reference (regard, respect) to = _rilate al_; or, _pri_.

With that object = _tiucele_.

With the exception of = _kun escepto de; esceptinte; krom_.

With the intention = _intencante; por_.

Within = _en; interne_.

Without = _ekster; krom; sen; ekstere_, etc., according to sense.

Without any cause, reason = _sen ia kauzo; senkauze; nenial_.

Without any exception = _sen ia escepto; tute senescepte_.

Without cause, reason = _senkauze; nenial_.

Without comparison = _senkompare_.

Without contradiction = _senkontraudire_.

Without doubt = _sendube_.

Without exception = _senescepte_.

Word for word = _lauvorte_.

Y

Year by year = _jaron post jaro_.

Yearly = _ciujare_.

Yes = _jes_.

Yesterday = _hierau_.

Yesterday afternoon = _hierau posttagmeze_.

Yesterday evening = _hierau vespere_.

Yesterday morning = _hierau matene_.

Yet = _ankorau; tamen_.

Yonder = _tie; tien_.

HINTS TO LEARNERS.

These hints are princ.i.p.ally for learners teaching themselves. Follow the advice of your instructor, if you have a good one.

(1). First study carefully the p.r.o.nunciation (pars. 5-19).

(2). Learn, in the following order, Grammatical Terminations (par.

53); Suffixes and Prefixes (pars. 54, 55); p.r.o.nouns (pars. 126, 131); List of Prepositions (page 180); Correlative Words (par. 147); List of Primary Words (page 334); Use of the Accusative (pars. 65-68).

(3). Read _aloud_ daily some portion of the "Krestomatio," and Exercises on pages 259-315.

(4). Translate daily some portion of the "Krestomatio," or Kabe's "Unua Legolibro," into English, and then back into Esperanto, and compare. At first, translate the Esperanto fairly literally, so as to get a good idea of the usual order of words in Esperanto, and where it differs from English in construction. Afterwards translate into fluent English, and then back into Esperanto.

(5). Get readiness of expression by constantly asking yourself aloud questions, and then replying to them; by saying in Esperanto what you see when walking out, what you are doing, etc., as, "Now I must go to bed," "It is time to get up," "I must cross the street," "I wonder who lives there," etc., etc.

(6). Read anecdotes in the "Krestomatio," or in Kabe's "Unua Legolibro," and then try to repeat them, as if you were telling them to someone. Keep on repeating an anecdote until you can tell it as fluently in Esperanto as in English, but not necessarily in the exact words of the book.

(7). In writing, say aloud the sentences as you write them. Your ear will then often prevent errors.

(8). Write your diary in Esperanto.

(9). Read the _best_ authors, and mark in pencil any words or phrases which strike you as useful to remember. Write these in a notebook for future reference.

(10). Don't slavishly copy in your style any particular author. Note the good points in each, and remember that what is not easily understood is not good style, however correct it may be grammatically.

(11). After about a week's study, look out for recruits and teach them what you have learnt. In teaching others you teach yourself.