A Thousand Sighs, A Thousand Revolts Part 22

CHAPTER SEVEN: Questions of Honor.

10910: honor as central to Kurdish society: King, "When Worlds Collide," pp. 22431; Nazaneen Ras.h.i.+d, paper presented at Department for International Development conference on "Violence Against Women in Iraqi Kurdistan," Oct. 18, 2002. Available from www.kurdmedia.com/reports.asp?id=1103; David Morgan, "Honor Killings in Iraqi Kurdistan: Seminar Report," Aug. 9, 2000. Available from www.kurdishmedia.com/ reports.asp?id=9; and Sheri Laizer, Martyrs, Traitors and Patriots: Kurdistan After the Gulf War, pp. 16169.

111: In "Matriarchy in Kurdistan? Women Rulers in Kurdish History," International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6, 1993, Martin van Bruinessen argues that Kurdish women acquire leaders.h.i.+p roles in Kurdish society only through high birth or marriage. 114: Iraqi-Turkish oil trade: New York Times, Nov. 29, 2002; and interview with Nesreen Mustafa Siddeek Berwari, minister of Reconstruction and Development, April 2002.

115: "Fearing death I roam the steppe": as translated in Richard F. Nyrop, Iraq: A Country Study, p. 12.

11617: Zembil Firosh tale: as related by van Bruinessen in "Matriarchy in Kurdistan?" p. 35, from A. Gernas, "Zerbilfiros," Roja Nu 33, 1992, pp. 1014.

117: "basic paradox of folklore": William R. Bascom, "Four Functions of Folklore," Journal of American Folklore, 67 (1954), p. 349; as cited by Michael Lewisohn Chyet, " 'And a Thornbush Sprang Up Between Them': Studies on Mem u Zin, A Kurdish Romance," Ph.D. dissertation, p. 363.

CHAPTER EIGHT: The Cult of the Angels.

121: "cult of the angels": Izady, The Kurds, p. 137 and following.

123: political meaning of "original Kurds": Ibid., p. 136; and Christine Allison in Philip G. Kreyenbroek and Christine Allison, Kurdish Culture, p. 36.

140: "the enemy within": McDowall, A Modern History, p. 411, citing Turkish sources.

14041: Sivas ma.s.sacre: Hugh and Nicole Pope, Turkey Unveiled: A History of Modern Turkey, pp. 32425.

CHAPTER NINE: From Kings to Parliamentarians.

144: Turkish students arrested: Kurdish Human Rights Project, The Trial of Students, p. 5.

14950: Turcoman population and boycott of elections: "War in Iraq: What's Next for the Kurds?" p. 6.

15657: oil-for-food program statistics: Kurdistan Regional Government. Available from www.krg.org/986; United Nations' Office of the Iraq Program. Available from www.un. org/depts/oip. Official U.N. sum for unspent funds: New York Times, July 14, 2003, U.N. Letter to the Editor.

CHAPTER TEN: Invitations.

16465: Balisan attack: Human Rights Watch/Middle East, Iraq's Crime of Genocide, pp. 3847.

165: death of Muhammad Jamil Rozhbayani: April 16, 2001, letter from Coalition for Justice in Iraq to Mary Robinson, U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights. Available from www.krg.org/newsletters/20010419184439.htm#11.

166: oil production in Kirkuk: "War in Iraq: What's Next for the Kurds?" pp. 1, 19.

166: "Arabization" statistics: Human Rights Watch, "Iraq: Forcible Expulsion of Ethnic Minorities," pp. 3, 11. Available from www.hrw.org/reports.

174: Erbil folksong: as quoted in Ralph S. Solecki, Shanidar: The First Flower People, p. 154.

CHAPTER ELEVEN: Along the Hamilton Road, with Side Trips.

177: "roads essential for law and order": A. M. Hamilton, Road Through Kurdistan, p. 73.

178: spring in Gali Ali Beg: Ibid., p. 5859.

18283: Simko's violent history: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 328.

18384: land mine statistics: interview with Mines Advisory Group, May 2002; Iraqi Kurdistan Dispatch, July 2002.

18687: "marched for fifty-two days": cited in Gunter, The Kurds and the Future, p. 10, from Dana Schmidt, Journey Among Brave Men, pp. 10910.

188: "betrayed the country": cited in Human Rights Watch/Middle East, Iraq's Crime of Genocide, p. 27, from Al-Iraq, Sept. 13, 1983.

189: Qushtapa as encouragement to use same techniques again: Ibid., p. 4. 190: "finding of flowers": Solecki, Shanidar, p. 250.

CHAPTER TWELVE: In the Land of the Babans.

202: 80 percent of books in Sorani: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 24.

202: "The Baban Land": C. J. Edmonds, Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: Politics, Travel and Research in Northern-Eastern Iraq, pp. 5758.

206: a.s.sault on Central Security Headquarters: Randal, After Such Knowledge, p. 40.

208: sherim: King, "When Worlds Collide," pp. 20304.

209: ambush of Ali Askari: McDowall, A Modern History, pp. 34445.

211: Goptaka attack: Iraq's Crime of Genocide, p. 11720.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Judgment Day.

217: "on the thres.h.i.+ng floor . . .": Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 9, p. 218.

219: Adela Khanoum, "of pure Kurdish origin": Soane, To Mesopotamia, p. 226; van Bruinessen, "Matriarchy in Kurdistan?" p. 27.

22223: for more details on the chemical bombing and Halabja Post-Graduate Medical Inst.i.tute, see Was.h.i.+ngton Kurdish Inst.i.tute website, homepage at www.kurd.org.

227: names of chemical companies released: New York Times, Dec. 21, 2002.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Safe Havens.

229: "hors.e.m.e.n came galloping": Soane, To Mesopotamia, p. 173.

231: Piramerd poem: Edmonds, Kurds, Turks, and Arabs, p. 45.

24445: reasons and estimated number of honor killings: Morgan, "Honor Killings in Iraqi Kurdistan"; Ras.h.i.+d, paper, Department for International Development. See note for p. 109.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Syrian Interlude.

252: not an attractive town: Agatha Christie Mallowan, Come, Tell Me How You Live, p. 57.

253: Syrian help crucial to PKK: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 479.

253: growing Syrian Kurdish anger toward PKK: Ibid., p. 479.

256: "sitting at a distance separately": cited by Vera Beaudin Saeedpour in "The Legacy of Saladin," The International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1999, p. 55.

CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Of Politics and Poetry.

261: "a nation apart": McDowall, A Modern History, p. 53, from Parliamentary Papers, Turkey No. 5 (1881).

265: "no longer . . . a tribal society": A. R. Gha.s.semlou, in Chaliand, People Without a Country, p. 97.

266: urban-rural breakdown: no census figure exists. One 1993 report estimated that the five western provinces of Iran, including the Kurdish provinces, were only 47 percent urban (Kooli-Kameli, Farideh, The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran, p. 138), but many Kurds I met used the two-thirds figure.

269: no Kurdish governors or ministers: President Khatami appointed a Kurd, Abd Allah Ramazanzadeh, as governor general of Kurdistan province after his election in 1997, but Ramazanzadeh was later removed from office.

276: "City of Death": Isabella Bird, Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, Vol. 2, p. 206.

27677: Khadje and Siyabend tale: as related by Bois, The Kurds, pp. 6566.

280: Hemin poem: as translated on the Kurdistan Democratic Party-Ankara website. Available from www.kdp-ankara.org.tr/literature.htm.

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Land of Lions.

284: "settling accounts": Rich, Narrative of a Residence, pp. 21112, 245.

28485: "avenues of poplars": Ibid., pp. 199200.

287: "arrested and shot": Ciment, The Kurds, p. 70 287: ten thousand dead by 1981: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 262, citing Daily Telegraph, Feb. 11, 1981.

287: 27,500 dead by 1984: David McDowall, The Kurds: A Nation Denied, p. 77.

291: "city impresses": Bird, Vol. 1, pp. 1012.

292: interpretation of Farhad and s.h.i.+rin tale: Izady, The Kurds, p. 189.

293: Iran 94 percent s.h.i.+te: Human Rights Watch estimates Iran to be about 80 percent s.h.i.+te, 20 percent Sunni.

294: slum conditions possibly leading to ferment: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 279.