Wedlock Part 9

23 ARS to George Stoney, 7 November 1768, in Stoney, p. 19. The letter is dated 7 November - perhaps the date it was posted - although it was written on his wedding day, which was 5 November. ARS to George Stoney, 7 November 1768, in Stoney, p. 19. The letter is dated 7 November - perhaps the date it was posted - although it was written on his wedding day, which was 5 November.

24 Dating from at least the fourteenth century, the house and estate of Cole Pike Hill were acquired by the Newton family in the early eighteenth century. The original hall was extended in 1854 and the house is now divided into three homes. Dating from at least the fourteenth century, the house and estate of Cole Pike Hill were acquired by the Newton family in the early eighteenth century. The original hall was extended in 1854 and the house is now divided into three homes.

25 The horse-whipping incident must have happened in 1769 since this is when the regiment was stationed in Perth. 'Answers for Mr Stoney Esq, Ensign in the 4th regiment of foot, to a complaint preferred agt. him by John Smith his servant', n.d., SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. Stoney was promoted to lieutenant on 22 December 1769 (private communication, Peter Donnelly, curator of the King's Own Royal Regiment Museum, Lancaster). He exchanged places with a Lieutenant Rooke in the 30th Regiment at some point after April 1770. S. Hodgson to ARS, 9 April 1770: SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. The horse-whipping incident must have happened in 1769 since this is when the regiment was stationed in Perth. 'Answers for Mr Stoney Esq, Ensign in the 4th regiment of foot, to a complaint preferred agt. him by John Smith his servant', n.d., SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. Stoney was promoted to lieutenant on 22 December 1769 (private communication, Peter Donnelly, curator of the King's Own Royal Regiment Museum, Lancaster). He exchanged places with a Lieutenant Rooke in the 30th Regiment at some point after April 1770. S. Hodgson to ARS, 9 April 1770: SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41.

26 Letters addressed to Stoney in Ireland, George Forbes, 27 October 1769 and S. Hodgson, 9 April 1770: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/13/1; SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. Letters addressed to Stoney in Ireland, George Forbes, 27 October 1769 and S. Hodgson, 9 April 1770: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/13/1; SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41.

27 Accounts of Rowland Stephenson's receipts and expenditure for Cole Pike Hill and Twizedale estates, 1767-9: DCRO SEA D/St/E8/18. Accounts of Rowland Stephenson's receipts and expenditure for Cole Pike Hill and Twizedale estates, 1767-9: DCRO SEA D/St/E8/18.

28 Robert Morrow to ARS, 17 March 1772: SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. Morrow succeeded Stephenson when he died in 1770. Robert Morrow to ARS, 17 March 1772: SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. Morrow succeeded Stephenson when he died in 1770.

29 Eight letters to ARS asking for payment of bills 1769 to 1775: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/13/1. Eight letters to ARS asking for payment of bills 1769 to 1775: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/13/1.

30 SPG, vol. 33, p. 128. SPG, vol. 33, p. 128.

31 Foot, pp. 6-8. Foot, pp. 6-8.

32 Foreman, p. 97. Foreman, p. 97.

33 Robert Johnston to ARS, 19 August 1771: SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41. Robert Johnston to ARS, 19 August 1771: SPG, Bowes Papers, vol. 41.

34 Will of Hannah Stoney: DUL, 1776/523/1. Will of Hannah Stoney: DUL, 1776/523/1.

35 Newton v Stoney, 14 April 1773: NA Chancery records C12/1626/23. No outcome is recorded. The trees were advertised for sale in the Newton v Stoney, 14 April 1773: NA Chancery records C12/1626/23. No outcome is recorded. The trees were advertised for sale in the Newcastle Chronicle Newcastle Chronicle, 13, 20 and 27 March 1773.

36 ARS to George Stoney, 21 June 1775, in Stoney, pp. 28-9. ARS to George Stoney, 21 June 1775, in Stoney, pp. 28-9.

37 Bill for ARS, 20 July 1775: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/13/1. Bill for ARS, 20 July 1775: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/13/1.

38 Newcastle Journal Newcastle Journal, 16 March 1776. The burial register reads: '14 Mar 1776 Hannah wife of Andrew Robinson Stoney Esq., Coltpighill', burial register, St Margaret's Church, Tanfield, DCRO.

CHAPTER 4: MY IMPRUDENCIES.

Mary's first marriage and various flirtations are described in her Confessions Confessions. For background information on the study of botany in the eighteenth century see Shteir; Desmond (1995); Lemmon, all pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

1 Newcastle Chronicle Newcastle Chronicle, 4 April 1767.

2 Young, vol. 4, p. 584. Young, vol. 4, p. 584.

3 MEB said she had been ill before leaving Hertfords.h.i.+re. The poet Thomas Gray had written that MEB was 'with child, and not very well, as I hear' in June. Bowes, p. 66; Gray to Brown, 2 June 1767, in Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 3, p. 961. MEB said she had been ill before leaving Hertfords.h.i.+re. The poet Thomas Gray had written that MEB was 'with child, and not very well, as I hear' in June. Bowes, p. 66; Gray to Brown, 2 June 1767, in Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 3, p. 961.

4 Bowes, p. 65-6. Bowes, p. 65-6.

5 Bowes, p. 8. Bowes, p. 8.

6 Annual Register Annual Register, 1767, p. 81. The bill was given royal a.s.sent on 3 April.

7 Lord Chesterfield to the Duke of Newcastle, 20 June 1766, in Dobree, vol. 6, p. 2,744. Lord Chesterfield to the Duke of Newcastle, 20 June 1766, in Dobree, vol. 6, p. 2,744.

8 Details on the Strathmore family history are from c.o.kayne, vol. 12, pp. 395- 403; Surtees, Robert, vol. 4, p. 109; Slade, Details on the Strathmore family history are from c.o.kayne, vol. 12, pp. 395- 403; Surtees, Robert, vol. 4, p. 109; Slade, pa.s.sim pa.s.sim; Innes-Smith, pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

9 Minutes of curators 1753-61: SPG, box 102. Minutes of curators 1753-61: SPG, box 102.

10 Venn, vol. 1, p. 342; James was admitted in February 1756 and Thomas in 1758. Lord Strathmore's bills for his time at Cambridge are in SPG, box 144, bundle 4. Venn, vol. 1, p. 342; James was admitted in February 1756 and Thomas in 1758. Lord Strathmore's bills for his time at Cambridge are in SPG, box 144, bundle 4.

11 William Mason to Thomas Gray, 1 March 1755 and Gray to Thomas Wharton, 9 March 1755, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 1, pp. 419 and 421. William Mason to Thomas Gray, 1 March 1755 and Gray to Thomas Wharton, 9 March 1755, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 1, pp. 419 and 421.

12 The official history of Pembroke College argues that Tuthill was sacked for absenteeism, when the record plainly shows that he was absent having been suspected or found guilty of 'great enormities'. The latest biography of Gray takes the view that the poet was probably h.o.m.os.e.xual and that Tuthill was probably sacked for h.o.m.os.e.xual acts. Att.w.a.ter, p. 97; Mack, pp. 33-5, 490-1. My thanks to Alexander Huber, editor of the Thomas Gray Archive The official history of Pembroke College argues that Tuthill was sacked for absenteeism, when the record plainly shows that he was absent having been suspected or found guilty of 'great enormities'. The latest biography of Gray takes the view that the poet was probably h.o.m.os.e.xual and that Tuthill was probably sacked for h.o.m.os.e.xual acts. Att.w.a.ter, p. 97; Mack, pp. 33-5, 490-1. My thanks to Alexander Huber, editor of the Thomas Gray Archive www.thomasgray.org at the University of Oxford for advice. at the University of Oxford for advice.

13 Gray to Wharton, 17 February 1757, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 2, p. 495. Gray to Wharton, 17 February 1757, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 2, p. 495.

14 Gray to Wharton, 23 January 1760, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 2, p. 660. Gray to Wharton, 23 January 1760, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 2, p. 660.

15 Lord Strathmore to the Dowager Countess, 2 February 1760: SPG, box 144, bundle 4; Lord Strathmore to George Bowes, 27 January 1760: SPG, box 187, bundle 3. 16 Thomas Pitt and Lord Strathmore, 'Observations in a Tour to Portugal & Spain 1760 by John Earl of Strathmore & Tho. Pitt Esqr.': BL Add. MSS 5845. Although the two authors are named, it is clear from the journal that Pitt was the writer. Lord Strathmore to the Dowager Countess, 2 February 1760: SPG, box 144, bundle 4; Lord Strathmore to George Bowes, 27 January 1760: SPG, box 187, bundle 3. 16 Thomas Pitt and Lord Strathmore, 'Observations in a Tour to Portugal & Spain 1760 by John Earl of Strathmore & Tho. Pitt Esqr.': BL Add. MSS 5845. Although the two authors are named, it is clear from the journal that Pitt was the writer.

17 Lord Strathmore to Thomas Lyon, n.d. [March 1760]: SPG, box 254, bundle 4. Lord Strathmore to Thomas Lyon, n.d. [March 1760]: SPG, box 254, bundle 4.

18 SPG, box 145, bundle 1. Lord Strathmore's time in Italy is also detailed in Ingamells, p. 907. For general information on the grand tour to Italy see Black (1992). SPG, box 145, bundle 1. Lord Strathmore's time in Italy is also detailed in Ingamells, p. 907. For general information on the grand tour to Italy see Black (1992).

19 Lord Strathmore to William Henry, Marquess of t.i.tchfield, 10 February 1761, in Turberville, vol. 2, p. 37. Lord Strathmore to William Henry, Marquess of t.i.tchfield, 10 February 1761, in Turberville, vol. 2, p. 37.

20 Mann to Walpole, 15 August 1761, in Lewis, vol. 21, p. 524. The later comments are HM to HW, 10 April 1762, vol. 22, pp. 22-3 and 28 May 1763, p. 145. Details of the Sanvitale family can be found in Litta. Mann to Walpole, 15 August 1761, in Lewis, vol. 21, p. 524. The later comments are HM to HW, 10 April 1762, vol. 22, pp. 22-3 and 28 May 1763, p. 145. Details of the Sanvitale family can be found in Litta.

21 Walpole to Mann, 30 June 1763, in Lewis, vol. 21, p. 152. By 'Celadonian' Walpole was referring to the character Celadon in the play 'L'Astree' by the seventeenth-century French novelist Honore D'Urfe, which was fas.h.i.+onable at the time. Walpole to Mann, 30 June 1763, in Lewis, vol. 21, p. 152. By 'Celadonian' Walpole was referring to the character Celadon in the play 'L'Astree' by the seventeenth-century French novelist Honore D'Urfe, which was fas.h.i.+onable at the time.

22 Foot, p. 13. Foot, p. 13.

23 Lord Strathmore to Thomas Lyon, 6 June 1766: SPG, box 199, bundle 2. Lord Strathmore to Thomas Lyon, 6 June 1766: SPG, box 199, bundle 2.

24 Foot, p. 27; Lord Chesterfield to his son, 13 February 1767, in Dobree, vol. 6, pp. 2,795-6. Foot, p. 27; Lord Chesterfield to his son, 13 February 1767, in Dobree, vol. 6, pp. 2,795-6.

25 SPG, box 150, bundle 7. SPG, box 150, bundle 7.

26 Lord Chesterfield to his son, 13 February 1767, in Dobree, vol. 6, pp. 2,795-6. Lord Chesterfield to his son, 13 February 1767, in Dobree, vol. 6, pp. 2,795-6.

27 Draft marriage settlement MEB and Lord Strathmore, September 1766: SPG, box 102, bundle 2. 28 Blackstone, vol. 1, p. 430; vol. 2, p. 433. It would be 1870 before married women were allowed separate use of their earnings and 1882 before they were ent.i.tled to acquire, keep and sell property in their own right. The novelists' quotes given below are from Wollstonecraft, p. 118 and d.i.c.kens (2004, first published 1838), p. 402. Draft marriage settlement MEB and Lord Strathmore, September 1766: SPG, box 102, bundle 2. 28 Blackstone, vol. 1, p. 430; vol. 2, p. 433. It would be 1870 before married women were allowed separate use of their earnings and 1882 before they were ent.i.tled to acquire, keep and sell property in their own right. The novelists' quotes given below are from Wollstonecraft, p. 118 and d.i.c.kens (2004, first published 1838), p. 402.

29 Gray to Wharton, c. 30 September 1765, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 2, pp. 887-95. Gray to Wharton, c. 30 September 1765, Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 2, pp. 887-95.

30 Thomas Lyttelton to Elizabeth Montagu, in Climenson, vol. 2, p. 168. Thomas Lyttelton to Elizabeth Montagu, in Climenson, vol. 2, p. 168.

31 Bowes, p. 67. Thomas Lyon was MP for Aberdeen Burghs from 1766 to 1778. Details of his parliamentary career can be found in Namier and Brooke, vol. 3, pp. 73-4. Bowes, p. 67. Thomas Lyon was MP for Aberdeen Burghs from 1766 to 1778. Details of his parliamentary career can be found in Namier and Brooke, vol. 3, pp. 73-4.

32 Accounts for masonry, carpentry and painting 1767-8: SPG, box 150, bundle 7; improvements by James Abercrombie 1767-8: SPG, box 148, bundle 4. Accounts for masonry, carpentry and painting 1767-8: SPG, box 150, bundle 7; improvements by James Abercrombie 1767-8: SPG, box 148, bundle 4.

33 Lord Strathmore's medical bill with Dr William Farqeson, 1772-4: SPG, box 145, bundle 4. Lord Strathmore's medical bill with Dr William Farqeson, 1772-4: SPG, box 145, bundle 4.

34 Gray to Mason, 9 August 1767, and 11 September 1767, in Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 3, p. 973 and pp. 976-7. Gray to Mason, 9 August 1767, and 11 September 1767, in Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 3, p. 973 and pp. 976-7.

35 Mary Bowes to Thomas Colpitts, 21 April 1768: SPG vol. C; Parish register St George's Church, Hanover Square, baptisms, CWAC, 19 May 1768, 'Maria Jane, born 21 April'. Bells were rung at Gibside a week after the birth, suggesting the news had just arrived from London. Mary Bowes to Thomas Colpitts, 21 April 1768: SPG vol. C; Parish register St George's Church, Hanover Square, baptisms, CWAC, 19 May 1768, 'Maria Jane, born 21 April'. Bells were rung at Gibside a week after the birth, suggesting the news had just arrived from London.

36 Mary Bowes to Thomas Colpitts, 13 May 1768: SPG, volume C; Parish register St George's Church, Hanover Square, CWAC, baptisms, 11 May 1769, 'John, born 13 April'; Mrs E. Rickaby to anon [William Leaton] 12, 13 April and 26 September 1769: DCRO SEA D/St/C2/3/59. Mary Bowes to Thomas Colpitts, 13 May 1768: SPG, volume C; Parish register St George's Church, Hanover Square, CWAC, baptisms, 11 May 1769, 'John, born 13 April'; Mrs E. Rickaby to anon [William Leaton] 12, 13 April and 26 September 1769: DCRO SEA D/St/C2/3/59.

37 Gray to Brown, 22 May 1770, in Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 3, p. 1,135. Gray to Brown, 22 May 1770, in Toynbee and Whibley, vol. 3, p. 1,135.

38 Bowes, p. 67. The children's baptisms are recorded as follows: Parish register St George's Church, Hanover Square, CWAC, baptisms, 2 July 1770, 'Anna Maria, born 3 June'; 16 December 1771, 'George, born 17 November'; 31 May 1773, 'Thomas, born 3 May'. Bowes, p. 67. The children's baptisms are recorded as follows: Parish register St George's Church, Hanover Square, CWAC, baptisms, 2 July 1770, 'Anna Maria, born 3 June'; 16 December 1771, 'George, born 17 November'; 31 May 1773, 'Thomas, born 3 May'.

39 Foreman, pp. 48 and 265; Lewis, Judith Schneid, p. 42. Foreman, pp. 48 and 265; Lewis, Judith Schneid, p. 42.

40 Home, vol. 3, p. 30. The comment is recorded by Lady Mary c.o.ke in her journal in 1769. Home, vol. 3, p. 30. The comment is recorded by Lady Mary c.o.ke in her journal in 1769.

41 Lord Strathmore to MEB, n. d. [1776]: BM Archives. Lord Strathmore to MEB, n. d. [1776]: BM Archives.

42 Bowes, p. 5. Her alleged preference for cats and dogs is from Testimony Revd Henry Stephens: NA divorce appeal to Delegates, DEL 2/12/. The cartoon is Gillray, 'The Injured COUNT..S' [1786 or c. May 1788]. See George, vol. 6, no. 7013, pp. 335-6. Bowes, p. 5. Her alleged preference for cats and dogs is from Testimony Revd Henry Stephens: NA divorce appeal to Delegates, DEL 2/12/. The cartoon is Gillray, 'The Injured COUNT..S' [1786 or c. May 1788]. See George, vol. 6, no. 7013, pp. 335-6.

43 Foreman, p. 122; Foreman, p. 122; the Rambler's Magazine the Rambler's Magazine, 1783, p. 318.

44 Bowes, p. 5. Bowes, p. 5.

45 Foreman, p. 122. Foreman, p. 122.

46 SPG, box 83, bundle 3; box 68, bundle 8. SPG, box 83, bundle 3; box 68, bundle 8.

47 Lord Strathmore to MEB, n. d. [1776]: BM Archives. Lord Strathmore to MEB, n. d. [1776]: BM Archives.

48 Bowes, pp. 53-4. Bowes, pp. 53-4.

49 MEB, MEB, The Siege of Jerusalem The Siege of Jerusalem (London, 1774). The play is stated in the published text to have been written in 1769 but a letter from Elizabeth Planta to MEB in May 1771 refers to her having just finished her 'literary work' and a subsequent letter in June offers criticisms on the play. Elizabeth Planta to MEB, 30 May and 15 June 1771: RA, Geo/Planta 6. The letter regarding the post of governess to the princesses is Elizabeth Planta to MEB, 14 July 1771: RA, Geo/Planta 6. (London, 1774). The play is stated in the published text to have been written in 1769 but a letter from Elizabeth Planta to MEB in May 1771 refers to her having just finished her 'literary work' and a subsequent letter in June offers criticisms on the play. Elizabeth Planta to MEB, 30 May and 15 June 1771: RA, Geo/Planta 6. The letter regarding the post of governess to the princesses is Elizabeth Planta to MEB, 14 July 1771: RA, Geo/Planta 6.

50 Bowes, p. 90. Background on James Lee is from Willson. Bowes, p. 90. Background on James Lee is from Willson.

51 Bowes, p. 96. For information on John Hunter see Moore (2005). Solander is mentioned in Bowes, p. 36. Bowes, p. 96. For information on John Hunter see Moore (2005). Solander is mentioned in Bowes, p. 36.

52 Lomas; Graeme, pp. 616-36; Ewing and MacCallum, Lomas; Graeme, pp. 616-36; Ewing and MacCallum, pa.s.sim pa.s.sim; Mudie and Walker, pa.s.sim pa.s.sim; obituary of James Graham, aged 23, Scots Magazine Scots Magazine 1779, p. 110. 1779, p. 110.

53 Bowes, pp. 8, 69-76, 9-11. Bowes, pp. 8, 69-76, 9-11.

54 Bowes, pp. 68. Family accounts show that Mary stayed in Edinburgh for two weeks from 7 August 1774: Glamis accounts 1774-5, SPG, box 146, bundle 1. Bowes, pp. 68. Family accounts show that Mary stayed in Edinburgh for two weeks from 7 August 1774: Glamis accounts 1774-5, SPG, box 146, bundle 1.

55 Walpole to Conway, 27 November 1774, in Lewis, vol. 39, p. 220; Mary Bowes to anon [?Peter Proctor, Glamis Castle], 9 August 1775: SPG, box 142, bundle 4. Walpole to Conway, 27 November 1774, in Lewis, vol. 39, p. 220; Mary Bowes to anon [?Peter Proctor, Glamis Castle], 9 August 1775: SPG, box 142, bundle 4.

56 James Menzies to Lord Strathmore, 24 December 1775, cited in Slade, pp. 62- 3; Peter Nicol to Thomas Lyon, 14 November 1775: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/7/2. James Menzies to Lord Strathmore, 24 December 1775, cited in Slade, pp. 62- 3; Peter Nicol to Thomas Lyon, 14 November 1775: DCRO SEA D/St/C1/7/2.

57 Information on Gray is from Sherwen; Letter books of George Gray senior, 1760-1779: BL India Office, MSS EUR c 439 and D691. His baptism is recorded in Christenings in Calcutta 1737, George Gray baptised 1 September: BL India Office, microfilm N/1/1-3, f. 202. Background on Gray's argument with Clive can be found in Bence-Jones, pp. 226-9 and 273; and Khan, pp. 69-98. Information on Gray is from Sherwen; Letter books of George Gray senior, 1760-1779: BL India Office, MSS EUR c 439 and D691. His baptism is recorded in Christenings in Calcutta 1737, George Gray baptised 1 September: BL India Office, microfilm N/1/1-3, f. 202. Background on Gray's argument with Clive can be found in Bence-Jones, pp. 226-9 and 273; and Khan, pp. 69-98.

58 Gray to Brigadier-General John Carnac, 13 November 1761: BL India Office, Sutton Court Collection, papers of Brigadier-General John Carnac, MSS EUR/F128/35. Gray has been mistakenly credited as the author of an anonymous poem, Gray to Brigadier-General John Carnac, 13 November 1761: BL India Office, Sutton Court Collection, papers of Brigadier-General John Carnac, MSS EUR/F128/35. Gray has been mistakenly credited as the author of an anonymous poem, A Turkish Tale A Turkish Tale, said to be dedicated to Mary and published in 1770. The poem was actually written by George Grey, the father-in-law of the first Earl Grey. A handwritten note inside the text credits the poem to 'George Grey Esquire of Southwick'.

59 Bowes, pp. 15-22. Bowes, pp. 15-22.

60 Apothecaries' accounts 1774-8: SPG, box 202, bundle 6. Apothecaries' accounts 1774-8: SPG, box 202, bundle 6.

61 William Farqeson to James Menzies, 4 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6. William Farqeson to James Menzies, 4 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6.

CHAPTER 5: A BLACK INKY KIND OF MEDICINE.

Most of the events in this chapter are drawn from Foot and Bowes, unless otherwise indicated. Background on women and property rights is from Habakkuk, p. 83. Details of the sale at Glamis in June 1776 are from SPG, box 188, bundle 3 and the ninth earl's debts in SPG, box 83, bundle 6. Details of the sale at Gibside in November 1776 are from SPG, box 142, bundle 8. For information on the history of abortion see Bullough; Shorter; Riddle, all pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

1 Lord Strathmore to MEB, n. d. [1776], BM Archives. Lord Strathmore to MEB, n. d. [1776], BM Archives.

2 Elizabeth Planta [on behalf of MEB] to anon [James Menzies], 6 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6. Elizabeth Planta [on behalf of MEB] to anon [James Menzies], 6 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6.

3 Unknown artist, 'Mary Eleanor Bowes, Countess of Strathmore', c. 1776, Glamis Castle. Doubts exist as to whether this is really Mary since it was only attributed to her relatively recently. However, there is a marked similarity between this portrait and that by John Downman drawn in 1781. Unknown artist, 'Mary Eleanor Bowes, Countess of Strathmore', c. 1776, Glamis Castle. Doubts exist as to whether this is really Mary since it was only attributed to her relatively recently. However, there is a marked similarity between this portrait and that by John Downman drawn in 1781.

4 Gay, p. 64; Home, vol. 1, preface, p. lxxii. Gay, p. 64; Home, vol. 1, preface, p. lxxii.

5 Anon, Allegations against the Countess of Strathmore, p. 5 in Anon, Anon, Allegations against the Countess of Strathmore, p. 5 in Anon, The Trial of Andrew Robinson Bowes, Esq; first heard in the Arches The Trial of Andrew Robinson Bowes, Esq; first heard in the Arches. According to figures from Joseph Ma.s.sie, estimating annual incomes in 1759, the top twenty families enjoyed 13,470 pa. Cited in Hay and Rogers, p. 20.

6 Thomas Lyon to anon [James Menzies], 29 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6. Thomas Lyon to anon [James Menzies], 29 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6.

7 Testimony of Ann Eliza Stephens [nee Planta], 23 February 1788: NA DEL 2/12. Testimony of Ann Eliza Stephens [nee Planta], 23 February 1788: NA DEL 2/12.

8 The letters from Thomas Lyon to anon [James Menzies], are 29 April, 21 April and 19 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6. The letter from Elizabeth Planta [on behalf of MEB] to James Menzies, is 19 May 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6. The letters from Thomas Lyon to anon [James Menzies], are 29 April, 21 April and 19 April 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6. The letter from Elizabeth Planta [on behalf of MEB] to James Menzies, is 19 May 1776: SPG, box 83, bundle 6.

9 Legal bill, Joshua Peele, 1776: SPG, box 142, bundle 9; Letters of administration appointing Thomas Lyon administrator for Lord Strathmore's estate, 23 July 1776: SPG, box 101, bundle 5. Legal bill, Joshua Peele, 1776: SPG, box 142, bundle 9; Letters of administration appointing Thomas Lyon administrator for Lord Strathmore's estate, 23 July 1776: SPG, box 101, bundle 5.

10 Stone (1993), pp. 139-61; the story of Elizabeth Foster is described in Foreman, p. 100 and Chapman, p. 28. The case of Elizabeth Va.s.sall, who married Sir G.o.dfrey Webster but in 1796 eloped with and later married Lord Holland, is cited in Lewis, Judith Schneid, pp. 43-5. Stone (1993), pp. 139-61; the story of Elizabeth Foster is described in Foreman, p. 100 and Chapman, p. 28. The case of Elizabeth Va.s.sall, who married Sir G.o.dfrey Webster but in 1796 eloped with and later married Lord Holland, is cited in Lewis, Judith Schneid, pp. 43-5.

11 Earl of Strathmore v Bowes, 1777, Chancery case: NA C12/1057/31. This case, pursued by Thomas Lyon on behalf of the tenth earl and his siblings, referred to the guardians.h.i.+p doc.u.ment dated 14 October 1774. Earl of Strathmore v Bowes, 1777, Chancery case: NA C12/1057/31. This case, pursued by Thomas Lyon on behalf of the tenth earl and his siblings, referred to the guardians.h.i.+p doc.u.ment dated 14 October 1774.

12 Lady Maria Bowes to Mary Lyon, 25 May 1776: SPG, box 202, bundle 10. Lady Maria Bowes to Mary Lyon, 25 May 1776: SPG, box 202, bundle 10.

13 Bowes, p. 22. Details of her affair with Gray and abortions are all from the Bowes, p. 22. Details of her affair with Gray and abortions are all from the Confessions Confessions.

14 Pottle, p. 227. The advertis.e.m.e.nt is cited in Stone (1977), p. 266. Pottle, p. 227. The advertis.e.m.e.nt is cited in Stone (1977), p. 266.

15 Anon, Anon, Trials for Adultery Trials for Adultery , vol. 3, pp. 3-6. , vol. 3, pp. 3-6.