River Town_ Two Years On The Yangtze Part 22

Respect the Rules and All Will Be Glorious; Break the Rules and the Operation of Machinery Can Cause Shame

Three carts of gravel came hurtling down the hillside, the workers grinning and hooting as they rode atop the piles of white rock. I pa.s.sed last year's sign:

Happy Happy Go to Work, Safe Safe Return Home.

I decided that that would be my mantra for the day: happy happy, safe safe. I repeated the words to myself as I hiked across the scarred hillside, and then I descended into the deep green valleys whose streams washed westward toward the Wu.

Spring was everywhere in those valleys-the blooming paulownia trees, the golden fields of rapeseed that s.h.i.+vered in the breeze, the eager plots of radish and lettuce and onions and broad beans. The rice seedlings were bright and green beneath sheets of plastic stretched taut over bamboo frames.

I came to the fourth cross valley where a peasant was guiding a plow behind a water buffalo. The man's trousers were rolled up past his knees as he waded in the muck. The air was sweet with the heavy scent of a nearby rapeseed plot. The old man's wife and grandson were sitting beside the field, and I stopped to say h.e.l.lo.

The woman looked at me intently. "I saw you last year, didn't I?" she asked.

"Yes, I came through last year. I live in Fuling."

The man stopped plowing and smiled. "I remember," he said. "You had a map and you were asking which way to go. But you didn't understand what we said, and you went the wrong way. We were trying to help!"

I promised that this year I would get it straight. They asked what I did in Fuling, and I told them I was a teacher.

"He's a teacher, too!" the woman said, gesturing at her husband. "He teaches in the elementary school, Monday to Friday, but on Sat.u.r.day and Sunday he works out here."

He untied the buffalo, sending it off to graze in the rapeseed. The man was fifty-four years old, small and thin and as strong as the ox he followed. He had black hair in a neat crew cut, and I could see that he would look like a teacher if he cleaned up. But today was a peasant weekend; his legs were covered with mud, and brown flecks ran up his clothes all the way to his hair.

He offered me a cigarette, lit one for himself, and sat on a rock. I dropped my pack and rested in the suns.h.i.+ne. The man asked if I was German.

"No," I said. "I'm American."

"There was a German who came through here recently."

"Really? What was he doing?"

"I'm not certain. He was studying something here. And he was walking very fast-in the hills he walked even faster than the local people! He had a translator, and he was a rich man who had paid his way to China. What's your salary?"

I told him, and he nodded. "That's better than most. Teachers' salaries here in the countryside are much lower than that. But I think that German made a lot more than you."

His grandson was five years old and he darted behind me, laughing and grabbing at my s.h.i.+rt. The man grinned and scolded him softly. "He's very naughty," he said proudly. I nodded and rubbed the boy's black head. I was thinking about the German-it amazed me that another waiguoren waiguoren had come to this remote place. To be honest, it annoyed me; I had always liked to think that I was the only one who had ever pa.s.sed through this part of the countryside. had come to this remote place. To be honest, it annoyed me; I had always liked to think that I was the only one who had ever pa.s.sed through this part of the countryside.

Back in the fall I had thought I saw another foreigner in Fuling, although I wasn't certain-it was only a fleeting glance of a man entering a restaurant, and I couldn't tell if he was actually a foreigner. The only confirmed waiguoren waiguoren sighting for my entire two years had been back in January, when two Danish tourists got stranded when their boat to Chongqing docked for repairs. I ran into them at California Beef Noodle King USA, which was Fuling's closest approximation to a fast-food joint. The restaurant had spicy noodles and I ate there once or twice a week, and often the owner asked me if she was doing a good job of serving the proper California style. I always a.s.sured her that indeed it was precisely the same as what I would expect if I ordered Beef Noodle King back in California, which always pleased her. They even had the sign in English above the restaurant, and this was probably why the Danish women had gone inside. sighting for my entire two years had been back in January, when two Danish tourists got stranded when their boat to Chongqing docked for repairs. I ran into them at California Beef Noodle King USA, which was Fuling's closest approximation to a fast-food joint. The restaurant had spicy noodles and I ate there once or twice a week, and often the owner asked me if she was doing a good job of serving the proper California style. I always a.s.sured her that indeed it was precisely the same as what I would expect if I ordered Beef Noodle King back in California, which always pleased her. They even had the sign in English above the restaurant, and this was probably why the Danish women had gone inside.

They glanced sharply at me when I entered the restaurant, and then they looked away, as if they hadn't noticed. From my own trips in the past I knew that this was a traveler's routine-you came to a remote place and resented the presence of any other tourists. But in Fuling I wasn't a tourist, and to have other waiguoren waiguoren treat me as if I had violated their solitude did not please me. I said nothing and sat at a table not far from the Danes. treat me as if I had violated their solitude did not please me. I said nothing and sat at a table not far from the Danes.

They spoke no Chinese and hadn't been in the country long. They ordered by pointing at pictures on the wall, and the waitress asked them if they wanted hot pepper on their noodles. The Danes did not understand, but they could tell from the waitress's tone that this was an important choice, and they thumbed madly through a phrase book. I was resolved not to help until they acknowledged my presence.

They kept working at the phrase book until finally the waitress, who knew me, asked if I would translate. The Danes acted very surprised that I was there, and they said that they did not want hot pepper. I was tempted to tell the waitress that the Danes not only wanted hot pepper but seemed scornful of Sichuanese lajiao lajiao, scoffing that in the great country of Denmark such a mild spice would be considered candy for babies. But I told her the truth; I realized that they were simply acting the way any traveler would, just as I had done myself in other places at other times.

We talked for a while and they couldn't believe that I lived in a town like this, because the attention in Fuling overwhelmed them.

"These people," one of the Danes said, "all they do is stare. Everywhere we go, they stare at us. Do they stare at you, too?"

"Yes," I said, "but not as much as they stare at you."

I hadn't intended it as an insult, but the women seemed to take it as such. I didn't care enough to explain that I simply meant that the people were more accustomed to me. But I gave the Danes my phone number out of courtesy, in case something went wrong, and then I left them to the stick-stick soldiers.

Here in the countryside of the Wu River I thought about the German and wondered if this area would ever get to the point where waiguoren waiguoren were common. The old woman saw me looking out at the scenery, and she asked if my home had hills like these. were common. The old woman saw me looking out at the scenery, and she asked if my home had hills like these.

"Some places do," I said. "But my home is flatter than Fuling."

"What's the farming like?"

"There aren't very many farmers, and they have more land. One farmer might have hundreds of mu mu. In my country the farms use machines."

The man nodded. "It's like Xinjiang," he said, "and in the north of China, where there's more land and it's flat. They use machines there as well. But here we can't."

We talked about farming and he asked me if it was true that peasants in America used airplanes to plant rice. Quite a few people in the countryside around Fuling seemed to have heard about this; it was a common question when I walked in the fields. I always said that indeed Californian rice was sometimes sowed by plane, and often I could see the wheels turning in their heads as the Sichuanese peasants looked at the scene around them-the plow, the ox, the primal muck-and tried to factor an airplane into the arrangement.

Today the peasant shook his head and grinned, looking down at his legs, where the mud had dried yellow-brown. Beneath the layer of dirt his sinews were taut and strong along his calves.

"You came the same time last year, didn't you?" he asked.

"Yes, last year I also came in March."

"Did you notice that it's different this year? Last year you saw that we had so many more paddies with water, but this year the rains haven't come yet, and everything is later than usual. It's too dry."

For a while he complained softly about the lack of rain, explaining that it would set back the whole spring schedule. But all the peasants could do was wait, hoping to survive the dryness of a spring that had two fifth months.

IT WAS WARM and I sweated under my pack. I stopped for lunch at the same place as last year, on the bluffs high above the Wu. I looked down on the river far below and thought: Happy happy, safe safe. The mist had faded and the sunlight flashed in streaks of gold along the river. and I sweated under my pack. I stopped for lunch at the same place as last year, on the bluffs high above the Wu. I looked down on the river far below and thought: Happy happy, safe safe. The mist had faded and the sunlight flashed in streaks of gold along the river.

People all through the hills remembered me from the year before. They also talked about the German, who had left a deep impression. I stopped to rest at one peasant home and the people told me that he had worn boots like mine.

"He was a zhuanjia zhuanjia-an expert," an old man said. "He was studying the trees here, I think. He came because this is such a poor area."

The old man's name was Yang. He gave me boiled water with sugar and I sat with him on his family's thres.h.i.+ng platform. There was the old man and his son, the son's wife, and a four-month-old baby. They were doing quite well; for a decade they had had electricity. Their rice was growing thick under plastic coverings. They had six pigs. They had a cat on a leash with a plastic Pepsi bottle tied to the other end. The bottle was partly filled with water and it kept the cat from going very far. I had never much liked cats and the Pepsi bottle struck me as a good idea.

The old man's wife came out of the house. She was seventy-three years old and complained vehemently about their farm, which was in the most beautiful valley I had pa.s.sed through today. "It hasn't rained for months!" she said. "Last year at this time our fields were already flooded-look at this! It's horrible! This place is so poor!"

They were like farmers anywhere-pessimistic and angry at the weather. I often heard similar comments in the relatively affluent rural suburbs of Fuling, where I sensed that these complaints were a form of humility that masked contentment. And perhaps it was a sort of superst.i.tion, a way of guarding against the dangers of pride. Traditionally the Chinese did the same thing with children, trying not to lavish too much praise on a child because the attention could draw bad luck.

The woman invited me to dinner, just as the teacher-peasant had done at my first stop, and I explained that I had to continue hiking. In the countryside it was a common invitation-virtually every time I went for a long walk in the fields somebody offered me a meal. It seemed that you could travel indefinitely in rural Sichuan without any money at all, because the people were so generous that they considered it rude not to offer a meal or a place to stay.

A while later I met a young man in his early twenties who was with his younger brother, a twelve-year-old boy. The boy wore his school sweat suit and he recognized me immediately.

"Are you the waiguoren waiguoren who won the long race last year in Fuling?" he asked. who won the long race last year in Fuling?" he asked.

"Yes."

"I've seen you near the college. I go to the East River Middle School."

There were no middle schools in this part of the countryside and the children boarded in Fuling if they wanted to continue their education. The boy paid 170 yuan a month for room and board, and his older brother estimated that probably 90 percent of the children in this region continued their education to middle school. They took the boat downstream to Fuling and usually came home every other weekend.

A group of children gathered around, staring. The twelve-year-old boy told them that I was the waiguoren waiguoren who had won the Fuling long race, which he described in vivid detail, emphasizing the great distance by which I had triumphed. I was embarra.s.sed to hear the story, although by now I was used to it; even after more than a year it was the reason many people in Fuling knew who I was. who had won the Fuling long race, which he described in vivid detail, emphasizing the great distance by which I had triumphed. I was embarra.s.sed to hear the story, although by now I was used to it; even after more than a year it was the reason many people in Fuling knew who I was.

It impressed me that so many of the students in this remote area traveled all the way to Fuling for school, and I realized that these were the sort of children that my own students would teach after graduation. Here I could see the point of my job-not just the literature I taught, but also the simple fact that for nearly two years I had had a role in an education system that included children like this.

I felt the same way whenever I hiked into the fields behind college and saw the students doing their homework on their families' thres.h.i.+ng platforms. On sunny afternoons there was a child on virtually every platform-Fuling schools a.s.signed an enormous amount of homework, and the students did it with remarkable diligence, even if they were from uneducated peasant families. I had come to recognize this as perhaps the characteristic that I admired the most about the local people: they had an enormous respect for education, and it was easy to feel good about teaching in a place like that.

In this respect my views had changed quite a bit from the spring of my first year, when I had been so pessimistic about the education system's constant propaganda. In some ways, it helped to get outside of the cla.s.sroom-when I walked through the hills and saw the children doing their schoolwork, it reminded me of my own students, and the places where they had come from and the places where they would someday return to teach. I came to realize that, although much of the propaganda still disgusted me, it wasn't necessarily the most important issue. The slogans wouldn't last forever-nothing in China did-but the children who were educated would stay that way, regardless of the country's changes.

WHENEVER I WAS UNCERTAIN about which way to walk, I simply asked the people where I had gone last year. Everybody knew-it seemed there wasn't a single person who didn't remember me. And they all talked about the German, too; I wished I could have met him, because now I was curious about what he had been studying. It was like following Kurtz up the Congo; I kept hearing s.n.a.t.c.hes of information, details about the way he walked and how much money he had and the boots he wore. And then I realized that he must have heard about me as well, and that probably he had felt he was following some unknown about which way to walk, I simply asked the people where I had gone last year. Everybody knew-it seemed there wasn't a single person who didn't remember me. And they all talked about the German, too; I wished I could have met him, because now I was curious about what he had been studying. It was like following Kurtz up the Congo; I kept hearing s.n.a.t.c.hes of information, details about the way he walked and how much money he had and the boots he wore. And then I realized that he must have heard about me as well, and that probably he had felt he was following some unknown waiguoren waiguoren through the rugged hills of the Wu River valley. through the rugged hills of the Wu River valley.

In late afternoon I began to make my way down toward the river. I came through a sunny valley that opened onto a broad square field with houses in the corners. I stopped to rest and a group of peasant women gathered around. Most of them were in their sixties, dressed in blue, and I told them that this was a beautiful area.

"This place isn't any good," one of them said. "This is a qiong shanqu qiong shanqu-a poor mountainous region. The economy here is terrible."

I always complimented peasants so I could hear them run down the places where they lived. They never seemed happier than when they stood there in the suns.h.i.+ne, next to the flouris.h.i.+ng rapeseed and wheat and young rice, and talked about what a miserable home they had.

A young girl came up to me. "Are you the waiguoren waiguoren in Fuling who does long runs?" in Fuling who does long runs?"

"Yes."

She turned to the old women. "They had a long race in Fuling and he was the best."

"That's why he can walk out here," one of the women said. "He's very healthy. Look how few clothes he's wearing!"

"Look how big his bag is!" said another. "How heavy!"

"His feet are so big-look at those enormous shoes!"

They studied me for a while and I waited for somebody to ask about my salary. But one of the women turned to me and asked instead, "In your country, do you have planned-birth policy?"

"No. You can have as many children as you want."

They shook their heads, amazed. I told them that in America there wasn't a population problem, and so the rules were different from those in China.

"How many children are in your family?" one of the women asked.

"Four. Three sisters and me."

"Here you can't do that," she said. "Only one-if you have another, you have to pay a fine."

"More than ten thousand yuan!" another woman interjected.

Some children had come over to look at me, and I noticed two small boys standing together.

"What about them?" I asked. "They look like brothers."

"That's right," the old woman said. "Their parents had to pay a fine."

One of the boys was about four years old; his brother was six or seven. They were filthy, and they stood tentatively on a wheat terrace above us, afraid of the waiguoren waiguoren. A little girl of about five came over-a tiny thing with wild black hair and dirt-smudged cheeks. Wide-eyed, the child stared at me. She had enormous coal-black eyes, like my youngest sister, Birgitta, when she was little. I smiled, and the girl smiled back.

"She's the third in her family!" one of the women said.

"Oh," I said. "They must have paid a big fine."

"No," the woman said. "Their house was tuile! tuile!"

"What?"

"Their house was tuile! tuile!"

"Tuile?"

"Right!"

I couldn't believe it, so I quickly sketched the character on my notebook. "This tui? tui?"

"That's right."

It meant any number of things: to push, turn, cut, infer, s.h.i.+ft, postpone, elect. But when you tui tui'ed a house it meant simply that you knocked it over. The local planned-birth officials had pushed over the girl's house because she had been the third child.

I had read of such things in the foreign press, but I had always a.s.sumed that they only happened in very remote areas. But then I realized that I had been walking all day, and this small beautiful valley was nothing if not remote.

The old women were shaking their heads and looking at the little girl. She wasn't comfortable hearing this conversation and something in her expression said: Sorry. Undoubtedly there were complications to growing up when you knew that your birth had caused your family's home to be knocked over. But there was also something else in her eyes; it was vague and undefined and meant, essentially: Some things are worth more than money and houses. The old women saw it, too. One of them tousled the girl's hair, and then she ran off to play with the other children in the unplowed fields.