The Battle Of Britain Part 2

5 C. Goulter, C. Goulter, A Forgotten Offensive: Royal Air Force Coastal Command's Anti-s.h.i.+pping Campaign 1940 A Forgotten Offensive: Royal Air Force Coastal Command's Anti-s.h.i.+pping Campaign 1940 1943 1943 (London, 1995), pp. 11122. (London, 1995), pp. 11122.

6 PRO AIR 9/447, Air Ministry, Director of Plans, memorandum, 'Employment of the Air Striking Force', 8 July 1940. PRO AIR 9/447, Air Ministry, Director of Plans, memorandum, 'Employment of the Air Striking Force', 8 July 1940.

7 Webster and Frankland, Webster and Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, Strategic Air Offensive, vol. 4, pp. 118 24. vol. 4, pp. 118 24.

8 PRO AIR 22/296, 'Casualties, Strength and Establishment of the RAF'. In mid-August the deficiency of bomber pilots reached a peak of 219; the highest deficiency of fighter pilots was 181 on 24 August. PRO AIR 22/296, 'Casualties, Strength and Establishment of the RAF'. In mid-August the deficiency of bomber pilots reached a peak of 219; the highest deficiency of fighter pilots was 181 on 24 August.

9 PRO AIR 16/432, Home Security intelligence summary, 31 July/1 August. PRO AIR 16/432, Home Security intelligence summary, 31 July/1 August.

10 PRO AIR 16/216, HQ 11 Group to all Group controllers, 19 August 1940. PRO AIR 16/216, HQ 11 Group to all Group controllers, 19 August 1940.

11 AHB, 'Course of the Air War...', p. 2; AHB, 'Course of the Air War...', p. 2; FCNA, FCNA, p. 128, OKW directive, 16 August 1940. p. 128, OKW directive, 16 August 1940.

12 AHB, 'Battle of Britain' narrative, Appendix 8 III, 'Table of Chief Attacks on Airfields and RDF Stations', pp. 19. AHB, 'Battle of Britain' narrative, Appendix 8 III, 'Table of Chief Attacks on Airfields and RDF Stations', pp. 19.

13 AHB, 'Battle of Britain' narrative, Appendix 34 II, 'Fighter Command Aircraft Destroyed or Damaged on the Ground'. AHB, 'Battle of Britain' narrative, Appendix 34 II, 'Fighter Command Aircraft Destroyed or Damaged on the Ground'.

14 This paragraph and following account in PRO AIR 16/635, 'Notes of Damage and Repairs at Certain Fighter Aerodromes', 21 September 1940. This paragraph and following account in PRO AIR 16/635, 'Notes of Damage and Repairs at Certain Fighter Aerodromes', 21 September 1940.

15 PRO AIR 16/216: HQ 11 Group to all Group controllers, 19 August 1940; telegram from 11 Group HQ to all airfields, 20 August 1940. PRO AIR 16/216: HQ 11 Group to all Group controllers, 19 August 1940; telegram from 11 Group HQ to all airfields, 20 August 1940.

16 AHB, 'Battle of Britain' narrative, Appendix 8 III. AHB, 'Battle of Britain' narrative, Appendix 8 III.

17 Jacobsen (ed.), Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, p. 81, entry for 30 August 1940; vol. 2, p. 81, entry for 30 August 1940; Rise and Fall, Rise and Fall, p. 85. p. 85.

18 PRO AIR 22/293, Schedule E, 'Number of Aircraft in Storage Units'; PREM 3/29 (3), summarized order of battle, 6 September 1940; AIR 16/635, Fighter Command HQ, operational strength, 1 September 1940. PRO AIR 22/293, Schedule E, 'Number of Aircraft in Storage Units'; PREM 3/29 (3), summarized order of battle, 6 September 1940; AIR 16/635, Fighter Command HQ, operational strength, 1 September 1940.

19 PRO AIR 22/262, 'Daily Return of Casualties to RAF Aircraft', 25 June29 September 1940. PRO AIR 22/262, 'Daily Return of Casualties to RAF Aircraft', 25 June29 September 1940.

20 Rise and Fall, Rise and Fall, pp. 823; see too O. Groehler, pp. 823; see too O. Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs Geschichte des Luftkriegs (Berlin, 1981), p. 272, for figures on aggregate German losses. (Berlin, 1981), p. 272, for figures on aggregate German losses.

21 AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', pp. 214. AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', pp. 214.

22 J. Colville, J. Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 1939 The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 1939 1945 1945 (London, 1985), p. 227, entry for 20 August 1940. Colville confessed in a footnote that he did not even notice the sentence when he sat listening to the speech. The invention of the remark can be found in J. Winant, (London, 1985), p. 227, entry for 20 August 1940. Colville confessed in a footnote that he did not even notice the sentence when he sat listening to the speech. The invention of the remark can be found in J. Winant, A Letter from Grosvenor Square: An Account of a Stewards.h.i.+p A Letter from Grosvenor Square: An Account of a Stewards.h.i.+p (London, 1947), pp. 2930. (London, 1947), pp. 2930.

23 Gilbert, Gilbert, Churchill War Papers, Churchill War Papers, pp. 6934, speech to the House of Commons, 20 August 1940. pp. 6934, speech to the House of Commons, 20 August 1940.

24 Cowles, Cowles, Looking for Trouble, Looking for Trouble, pp. 4246. pp. 4246.

25 N. Nicolson (ed.), N. Nicolson (ed.), Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters 1939 Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters 1939 1945 1945 (London, 1967), p. 111, entry for 7 September 1940. (London, 1967), p. 111, entry for 7 September 1940.

26 PRO AIR 8/315, Chief of the Air Staff, 'a.n.a.lysis of the G. A. F. Personnel Losses, JulyOctober 1940'; AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, report for 12 September 1940, p. 3; A. Galland, PRO AIR 8/315, Chief of the Air Staff, 'a.n.a.lysis of the G. A. F. Personnel Losses, JulyOctober 1940'; AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, report for 12 September 1940, p. 3; A. Galland, The First and the Last The First and the Last (London, 1955), p. 34. (London, 1955), p. 34.

27 AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', p. 20. AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', p. 20.

28 AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', p. 24; PRO T265/19, Treasury Inter-Service Committee, meeting of 3 October 1940 for final decision; AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, 'German Attacks on England 11 September-31 October', p. 14. AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', p. 24; PRO T265/19, Treasury Inter-Service Committee, meeting of 3 October 1940 for final decision; AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, 'German Attacks on England 11 September-31 October', p. 14.

29 PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, pp. 67; Dowding to Air Ministry, 22 September 1940, 'German Attacks on England 8 August10 September', pp. 12. See too AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', pp. 1819. PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, pp. 67; Dowding to Air Ministry, 22 September 1940, 'German Attacks on England 8 August10 September', pp. 12. See too AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', pp. 1819.

30 IWM, EDS doc.u.ments, AL 1492, OKW Aktennotiz, 20 August 1940. IWM, EDS doc.u.ments, AL 1492, OKW Aktennotiz, 20 August 1940.

31 PRO AIR 40/2444, Bechtle lecture, p. 4; K. Maier, 'Die Luftschlacht um England', in PRO AIR 40/2444, Bechtle lecture, p. 4; K. Maier, 'Die Luftschlacht um England', in Das deutsche Reich und der zweite Weltkrieg, Das deutsche Reich und der zweite Weltkrieg, vol. 2 (Stuttgart, 1979), p. 386. See too J. Ray, vol. 2 (Stuttgart, 1979), p. 386. See too J. Ray, The Night Blitz 1940 The Night Blitz 1940 1941 1941 (London, 1996), pp. 97102. (London, 1996), pp. 97102.

32 Jacobsen (ed.), Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, Kriegstagebuch, p. 100, entry for 14 September 1940. p. 100, entry for 14 September 1940.

33 Goebbels, Goebbels, Tagebucher, Tagebucher, p. 313. p. 313.

34 PRO AIR 9/447: COS meeting, 'Bombardment Policy', June 1940; Air Ministry, Director of Plans, memorandum, 8 July 1940. PRO AIR 9/447: COS meeting, 'Bombardment Policy', June 1940; Air Ministry, Director of Plans, memorandum, 8 July 1940.

35 PRO AIR 40/2444, Bechtle lecture, p. 5; AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summaries, 8 August, 12 September 1940. PRO AIR 40/2444, Bechtle lecture, p. 5; AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summaries, 8 August, 12 September 1940.

36 PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, p. 5. PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, p. 5.

37 Goebbels, Goebbels, Tagebucher, Tagebucher, p. 315, entry for 9 September 1940. p. 315, entry for 9 September 1940.

38 s.h.i.+rer, s.h.i.+rer, Berlin Diary, Berlin Diary, pp. 381, 384. pp. 381, 384.

39 Goebbels, Goebbels, Tagebucher, Tagebucher, p. 296, entry for 27 August 1940; s.h.i.+rer, p. 296, entry for 27 August 1940; s.h.i.+rer, Berlin Diary, Berlin Diary, p. 384. p. 384.

40 Maier, 'Luftschlacht', p. 405. Maier, 'Luftschlacht', p. 405.

41 PRO AIR 16/432, Home Security intelligence summaries, reports of operations, 24/25 August, 25/26 August, 28/29 August. PRO AIR 16/432, Home Security intelligence summaries, reports of operations, 24/25 August, 25/26 August, 28/29 August.

42 PRO AIR 16/635: HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, pp. 15; HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, pp. 46; AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', pp. 1112. PRO AIR 16/635: HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, pp. 15; HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 12 September 1940, pp. 46; AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', pp. 1112.

43 PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, pp. 34,12. PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, pp. 34,12.

44 Bekker, Bekker, Luftwaffe Diaries, Luftwaffe Diaries, p. 226; Collier, p. 226; Collier, Defence of the United Kingdom, Defence of the United Kingdom, pp. 244 5. pp. 244 5.

45 FCNA, FCNA, pp. 1335, 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 6 September 1940; p. 136, Naval Staff memorandum, 10 September 1940. Maier, 'Luftschlacht', pp. 3867. pp. 1335, 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 6 September 1940; p. 136, Naval Staff memorandum, 10 September 1940. Maier, 'Luftschlacht', pp. 3867.

46 Jacobsen (ed.), Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, pp. 989, entry for 14 September 1940. vol. 2, pp. 989, entry for 14 September 1940.

47 FCNA, FCNA, pp. 1369: 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 14 September 1940; OKW directive, 19 September 1940; OKW directive, 12 October 1940. Jacobsen (ed.), pp. 1369: 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 14 September 1940; OKW directive, 19 September 1940; OKW directive, 12 October 1940. Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, p. 99. vol. 2, p. 99.

48 FCNA, FCNA, p. 137, memorandum from Admiral Raeder, 14 September 1940; Jacobsen (ed.), p. 137, memorandum from Admiral Raeder, 14 September 1940; Jacobsen (ed.), Kriegstagebuch, Kriegstagebuch, vol. 2, p. 100; Maier, 'Luftschlacht', pp. 39091. vol. 2, p. 100; Maier, 'Luftschlacht', pp. 39091.

49 L. E. O. Charlton, L. E. O. Charlton, War over England War over England (London, 1936), pp. 15881. (London, 1936), pp. 15881.

50 PRO INF 1/264, Home Intelligence daily reports, 27 June 1940. PRO INF 1/264, Home Intelligence daily reports, 27 June 1940.

51 PRO INF 1/264, reports for 28 June, 6 September 1940. PRO INF 1/264, reports for 28 June, 6 September 1940.

52 PRO INF 1/264, report for 23 August 1940. PRO INF 1/264, report for 23 August 1940.

53 J. Langdon-Davies, J. Langdon-Davies, Nerves versus n.a.z.is Nerves versus n.a.z.is (London, 1940), pp. 7, 14, 1718. (London, 1940), pp. 7, 14, 1718.

54 PRO INF 1/264, Home Intelligence daily reports, 6 September 1940. PRO INF 1/264, Home Intelligence daily reports, 6 September 1940.

55 PRO INF 1/264, reports for 9,10 September 1940. PRO INF 1/264, reports for 9,10 September 1940.

56 G. Orwell, 'War-time Diary: 1940', entry for 25 October 1940, in G. Orwell, 'War-time Diary: 1940', entry for 25 October 1940, in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters (4 vols, London, 1968), vol. 2, pp. 4278. (4 vols, London, 1968), vol. 2, pp. 4278.

57 PRO INF 1/292 Part I, Home Intelligence weekly reports, report for 30 September9 October, p. 1. PRO INF 1/292 Part I, Home Intelligence weekly reports, report for 30 September9 October, p. 1.

58 Hinsley, Hinsley, British Intelligence, British Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 1723,1845. vol. 1, pp. 1723,1845.

59 PRO AIR 16/356: Air Ministry to Dowding, 1 August, 27 August 1940; cypher messages, Fighter Command, 7 September, 22 September, 24 September, 13 October, 25 October. PRO AIR 16/356: Air Ministry to Dowding, 1 August, 27 August 1940; cypher messages, Fighter Command, 7 September, 22 September, 24 September, 13 October, 25 October.

60 PRO INF 1/283, Ministry of Information newsletter, 'Questions the Public Are Asking', 23 September, 9 October; Cowles, PRO INF 1/283, Ministry of Information newsletter, 'Questions the Public Are Asking', 23 September, 9 October; Cowles, Looking for Trouble, Looking for Trouble, p. 446. p. 446.

61 Orwell, 'War-time Diary: 1940', p. 394 Orwell, 'War-time Diary: 1940', p. 394 62 PRO INF 1/292 Part I, Home Intelligence weekly report, 4 November11 November 1940, pp. 12; INF 1/849, Ministry of Information Policy Committee, meeting of 4 June 1940, p. 1. PRO INF 1/292 Part I, Home Intelligence weekly report, 4 November11 November 1940, pp. 12; INF 1/849, Ministry of Information Policy Committee, meeting of 4 June 1940, p. 1.

63 AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', Appendix C. AHB, Dowding 'Despatch', Appendix C.

64 AHB, 'Course of the Air War', p. 3. AHB, 'Course of the Air War', p. 3.

65 PRO AIR 22/263, 'Daily Returns of Casualties to RAF Aircraft', 29 September 194031 January 1941; AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, 'German Attacks on England 11 September31 October 1940', pp. 612; German figures in Groehler, PRO AIR 22/263, 'Daily Returns of Casualties to RAF Aircraft', 29 September 194031 January 1941; AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, 7 November 1940, 'German Attacks on England 11 September31 October 1940', pp. 612; German figures in Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, p. 272. p. 272.

66 Maier, 'Luftschlacht', p. 392; Groehler, Maier, 'Luftschlacht', p. 392; Groehler, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, Geschichte des Luftkriegs, p. 270. p. 270.

67 Goebbels, Goebbels, Tagebucher: Tagebucher: p. 429, entry for 12 December 1940; p. 410, entry for 24 November; p. 420, entry for 5 December 1940. p. 429, entry for 12 December 1940; p. 410, entry for 24 November; p. 420, entry for 5 December 1940.

FOUR A VICTORY OF SORTS.

1 H. Nicolson, H. Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, Diaries and Letters, p. 126, letter from Nicolson to Vita Sackville-West, 8 November 1940. p. 126, letter from Nicolson to Vita Sackville-West, 8 November 1940.

2 Colville, Colville, Fringes of Power, Fringes of Power, p. 266. p. 266.

3 Nicolson, Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, Diaries and Letters, p. 129, diary 22 November 1940. p. 129, diary 22 November 1940.

4 PRO AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, 19 September 1940, pp. 45. PRO AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, 19 September 1940, pp. 45.

5 Nicolson, Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, Diaries and Letters, p. 140, diary 23 January 1941. p. 140, diary 23 January 1941.

6 PRO PREM 3/88 (3): Churchill to Ismay, 26 December 1940; cypher message from Mr O'Malley, Budapest, 4 February 1941; Portal (CAS) to Churchill, 13 February 1940. PRO PREM 3/88 (3): Churchill to Ismay, 26 December 1940; cypher message from Mr O'Malley, Budapest, 4 February 1941; Portal (CAS) to Churchill, 13 February 1940.

7 PRO AIR 8/463, Portal to Churchill, 18 February 1941,20 March 1941. PRO AIR 8/463, Portal to Churchill, 18 February 1941,20 March 1941.

8 PRO AIR 9/136, Air Ministry memorandum, 'Bomber and Fighter Efforts Available to Counter Attempted Invasion', 5 March 1941; PRO AIR 9/136, Air Ministry memorandum, 'Bomber and Fighter Efforts Available to Counter Attempted Invasion', 5 March 1941; FCNA, FCNA, p. 172, 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 8/9 January 1941. p. 172, 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 8/9 January 1941.

9 G. Blumentritt, 'Operation "Sealion" ', in D. Detweiler (ed.), G. Blumentritt, 'Operation "Sealion" ', in D. Detweiler (ed.), World War II German Military Studies World War II German Military Studies (24 vols, New York, 1979), vol. 7, pp. 1011. (24 vols, New York, 1979), vol. 7, pp. 1011.

10 H. Greiner, 'Operation Seelowe and Intensified Air Warfare against England up to October 30 1940', in Detweiler, H. Greiner, 'Operation Seelowe and Intensified Air Warfare against England up to October 30 1940', in Detweiler, German Military Studies, German Military Studies, vol. 7, p. 10. vol. 7, p. 10.

11 Goebbels, Goebbels, Tagebucher, Tagebucher, p. 429, entry for 12 December 1940. p. 429, entry for 12 December 1940.

12 FCNA, FCNA, p. 172, 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 8/9 January 1941. p. 172, 'Conference with the Fuhrer', 8/9 January 1941.

13 Galland, Galland, First and Last, First and Last, p. 45. p. 45.

14 PRO AIR 16/635, Dowding to Air Ministry, 15 November 1940, p. 2. PRO AIR 16/635, Dowding to Air Ministry, 15 November 1940, p. 2.

15 PRO PREM 3/29 (3), summarized order of battle, 31 October 1940. PRO PREM 3/29 (3), summarized order of battle, 31 October 1940.

16 Murray, Murray, Luftwaffe, Luftwaffe, p. 54. p. 54.

17 PRO AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, 26 September 1940; AIR 8/315, CAS, 'a.n.a.lysis of GAF Personnel Losses', JulyOctober 1940. PRO AIR 22/72, Air Ministry weekly intelligence summary, 26 September 1940; AIR 8/315, CAS, 'a.n.a.lysis of GAF Personnel Losses', JulyOctober 1940.

18 PRO 8/315, War Cabinet to CAS, 29 August 1940. PRO 8/315, War Cabinet to CAS, 29 August 1940.

19 Maier, 'Luftschlacht', p. 391; PRO AIR 16/365, Fighter Command operational strength, 19 September 1940. Maier, 'Luftschlacht', p. 391; PRO AIR 16/365, Fighter Command operational strength, 19 September 1940.

20 Library of Congress, Was.h.i.+ngton DC, Arnold Papers, Box 246: Chief of Intelligence memorandum, 'Estimate of German Air Strength', 21 January 1941, enclosing G2 report, 'Germany, Domestic Production, Capacity and Sources of Aviation Equipment', 16 January 1941, pp. 19. PRO AIR 8/463: CAS memorandum, 'Strength of the GAF', 8 July 1940; 'Present and Future Strength of the German Air Force', 1 December 1940, pp. 13. Library of Congress, Was.h.i.+ngton DC, Arnold Papers, Box 246: Chief of Intelligence memorandum, 'Estimate of German Air Strength', 21 January 1941, enclosing G2 report, 'Germany, Domestic Production, Capacity and Sources of Aviation Equipment', 16 January 1941, pp. 19. PRO AIR 8/463: CAS memorandum, 'Strength of the GAF', 8 July 1940; 'Present and Future Strength of the German Air Force', 1 December 1940, pp. 13.

21 Orwell, 'War-time Diary: 1941', p. 443, entry for 8 April 1941. Orwell, 'War-time Diary: 1941', p. 443, entry for 8 April 1941.

22 R. Churchill (ed.), R. Churchill (ed.), Into Battle: Speeches by the Right Hon. Winston S. Churchill Into Battle: Speeches by the Right Hon. Winston S. Churchill (London, 1941), p. 234, speech broadcast 18 June 1940; Nicolson, (London, 1941), p. 234, speech broadcast 18 June 1940; Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, Diaries and Letters, p. 132, diary 31 December 1940; PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, November 1940, p. 4. p. 132, diary 31 December 1940; PRO AIR 16/635, HQ 11 Group to HQ Fighter Command, November 1940, p. 4.

23 See S. Ritchie, 'A Political Intrigue against the Chief of the Air Staff: The Downfall of Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril Newall', See S. Ritchie, 'A Political Intrigue against the Chief of the Air Staff: The Downfall of Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril Newall', War & Society, War & Society, 16 (1998), pp. 83104. 16 (1998), pp. 83104.

24 PRO AIR 19/258, letter from Air Ministry to Sinclair, 5 April 1941, for details on the pamphlet; on the Despatch see AIR 2/7771, circulation list for Dowding's Despatch, 14 September 1941, CAB 120/311: Churchill to Sinclair, 15 June 1941; Churchill to Portal, 23 August 1942; Portal to Churchill, 27 August 1942. PRO AIR 19/258, letter from Air Ministry to Sinclair, 5 April 1941, for details on the pamphlet; on the Despatch see AIR 2/7771, circulation list for Dowding's Despatch, 14 September 1941, CAB 120/311: Churchill to Sinclair, 15 June 1941; Churchill to Portal, 23 August 1942; Portal to Churchill, 27 August 1942.

25 PRO CAB 120/294, Churchill to Sinclair, 21 August 1940. See N. J. Cull, PRO CAB 120/294, Churchill to Sinclair, 21 August 1940. See N. J. Cull, Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign against American 'Neutrality' in World War II Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign against American 'Neutrality' in World War II (Oxford, 1995), ch. 3. (Oxford, 1995), ch. 3.

26 PRO INF 1/849, Ministry of Information Policy Committee, meeting of 21 June 1940, p. 1. PRO INF 1/849, Ministry of Information Policy Committee, meeting of 21 June 1940, p. 1.

27 PRO INF 1/292, Home Intelligence weekly report, 1824 December 1940, p. 1. PRO INF 1/292, Home Intelligence weekly report, 1824 December 1940, p. 1.

28 PRO AIR 22/100, 'Fighter Command Daily Casualties'. According to the daily statistics reported to the Air Ministry, from 1 July until 1 November 1940 Fighter Command lost 284 pilots killed on operations and 159 killed in non-operational situations. The discrepancy between the two figures is difficult to explain. Post-war calculations of total pilot casualties give a slightly higher figure of 458, most of whom died in combat. The number of genuinely accidental deaths has been calculated at somewhere between 30 and 50. The Air Ministry figures suggest that combat was defined more narrowly at the time, which may explain the difference between wartime and post-war statistics. In addition to the pilot deaths, more than 200 suffered serious injury. PRO AIR 22/100, 'Fighter Command Daily Casualties'. According to the daily statistics reported to the Air Ministry, from 1 July until 1 November 1940 Fighter Command lost 284 pilots killed on operations and 159 killed in non-operational situations. The discrepancy between the two figures is difficult to explain. Post-war calculations of total pilot casualties give a slightly higher figure of 458, most of whom died in combat. The number of genuinely accidental deaths has been calculated at somewhere between 30 and 50. The Air Ministry figures suggest that combat was defined more narrowly at the time, which may explain the difference between wartime and post-war statistics. In addition to the pilot deaths, more than 200 suffered serious injury.

29 W. J. West, W. J. West, Orwell: The War Commentaries Orwell: The War Commentaries (London, 1985), pp. 1689, broadcast 24 October 1942. (London, 1985), pp. 1689, broadcast 24 October 1942.