The Future: six drivers of global change Part 119

544 both greater yields and greater resistance to the effects of drought

Personal conversation with author.

545 offer the promise of increased yields during dry periods

Union of Concerned Scientists, "High and Dry," May 2012, http://www.ucsusa.org/a.s.sets/doc.u.ments/food_and_agriculture/high-and-dry-summary.pdf.

546 tremendous interest in drought-resistant strains, especially for maize

Gurian-Sherman, Failure to Yield; Andrew Pollack, "Drought Resistance Is the Goal, but Methods Differ," New York Times, October 23, 2008.

547 genes working together in complicated ways

"Why King Corn Wasn't Ready for the Drought," Wired, August 9, 2012.

548 "limited at best"

Union of Concerned Scientists, "High and Dry."

549 introduction of genes that enhance the nutrient value

Fernandez-Cornejo and Caswell, "The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States."

550 higher protein content in corn (maize) that is used primarily for livestock

Calestous Juma, The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).

551 new strain of rice that produces extra vitamin A

Juma, "Agricultural Biotechnology: Benefits, Opportunities and Leaders.h.i.+p."

552 enhance the resistance of plants to particular fungi and viruses

Pamela C. Ronald and James E. McWilliams, "Genetically Engineered Distortions," New York Times, May 14, 2010.

553 The third wave of GM crops

Fernandez-Cornejo and Caswell, "The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States."

554 with high cellulose and lignin

National Research Council, "Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States"; Fernandez-Cornejo and Caswell, "The First Decade of Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States"; Fuad Hajji, "Engineering Renewable Cellulosic Thermoplastics," Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2011): 2530.

555 in a world with growing population and food consumption

Hajji, "Engineering Renewable Cellulosic Thermoplastics."

556 because of the unprecedented complexity of the challenge

Matt Ridley, "Getting Crops Ready for a Warmer Tomorrow," Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2012.

557 temporary reduction in losses to pests

Gurian-Sherman, Failure to Yield; Antoniou, Robinson, and f.a.gan, "GMO Myths and Truths, Version 1.3."

558 National Bioeconomy Blueprint

Andrew Pollack, "White House Promotes a Bioeconomy," New York Times, April 26, 2012.

559 make themselves impervious to the herbicides and insecticides

National Research Council, "Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States"; Faure and Wibisana, "Liability for Damage Caused by GMOs"; Antoniou, Robinson, and f.a.gan, "GMO Myths and Truths, Version 1.3."

560 forcing the mutation of new strains of pests that are highly resistant