The Future: six drivers of global change Part 120

Faure and Wibisana, "Liability for Damage Caused by GMOs"; Antoniou, Robinson, and f.a.gan, "GMO Myths and Truths, Version 1.3."

561 genetically engineered to survive application of the herbicide

National Research Council, "Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States."

562 increases among weeds and insects, the overall use of both herbicides

Antoniou, Robinson, and f.a.gan, "GMO Myths and Truths, Version 1.3."

563 though advocates of GM crops dispute their a.n.a.lysis

Council for Biotechnology Information, "Myths & Facts: Plant Biotechnology," http://www.whybiotech.com/resources/myths_plantbiotech.asp.

564 and more dangerous-herbicides

Antoniou, Robinson, and f.a.gan, "GMO Myths and Truths, Version 1.3."

565 $17.5 billion and both insecticides and fungicides representing

Clive Cookson, "Agrochemicals: Innovation Has Slowed Since Golden Age of the 1990s," Financial Times, October 13, 2011.

566 U.S. Air Force to clear jungles and forest cover during the Vietnam War

" 'Agent Orange Corn' Debate Rages as Dow Seeks Approval of New Genetically Modified Seed," Huffington Post, April 26, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/26/enlist-dow-agent-orange-corn_n_1456129.html.

567 "endocrine disruption, reproductive problems, neurotoxicity, and immunosuppression"

Ibid.

568 U.S. farm belt by almost 60 percent over the last decade

Tom Philpott, "Researchers: GM Crops Are Killing Monarch b.u.t.terflies, After All," Mother Jones, March 21, 2012.

569 cropland dedicated to crop varieties engineered to be tolerant of Roundup

Ned Potter, "Are Monarch b.u.t.terflies Threatened by Genetically Modified Crops?," ABC News, July 13, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/monarch-b.u.t.terflies-genetically-modified-gm-crops/story?id=14057436#.UA2kPUQ-KF4; Philpott, "Researchers: GM Crops Are Killing Monarch b.u.t.terflies, After All."

570 harmful impact on at least one subspecies of monarchs

Faure and Wibisana, "Liability for Damage Caused by GMOs."

571 Although proponents of GM crops have minimized

Potter, "Are Monarch b.u.t.terflies Threatened by Genetically Modified Crops?"; Monsanto, "Frequently Asked Questions," http://www.monsanto.com/hawaii/Pages/faqs-hawaii.aspx.

572 a new group of pesticides known as neonicotinoids

Elizabeth Kolbert, "Silent Hives," New Yorker, April 20, 2012.

573 since the affliction first appeared in 2006

Ibid.

574 "About one mouthful in three"

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, "Questions and Answers: Colony Collapse Disorder," December 17, 2010, http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572.

575 because the engineered seeds must be purchased annually by farmers

Science Museum (UK), "Who Benefits from GM?," http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/antenna/futurefoods/debate/debateGM_CIPbusiness.asp.

576 can introduce genes that do not fit into the seed company's design

Miriam Jordan, "The Big War Over a Small Fruit," Wall Street Journal, July 13, 2012.