The Future: six drivers of global change Part 139

219 "the last best hope of earth"

Abraham Lincoln, "Annual Remarks to Congress," December 1, 1862.

220 "for good men to do nothing"

Quote Investigator, December 4, 2010.

221 support for actions to reduce greenhouse gas

Connie Roser-Renouf et al., Yale Project on Climate Communication, "The Political Benefits of Taking a Pro-Climate Stand in 2012," 2012, http://environment.yale.edu/climate/files/Political-Benefits-Pro-Climate-Stand.pdf.

222 stimulus bill put a major emphasis on green provisions

Michael Grunwald, "The 'Silent Green Revolution' Underway at the Department of Energy," Atlantic, September 9, 2012.

223 "The biggest single step that any nation has taken"

Christopher Mims, "Efficiency Standards Are the Single Biggest Climate Deal Ever," Grist, December 5, 2011, http://grist.org/list/2011-12-05-efficiency-standards-are-the-single-biggest-climate-deal-ever/.

224 well below the cost of production in the United States

"Solar Prices Expected to Keep Falling in 2012," a.s.sociated Press, June 26, 2010.

225 with the average cost of shale gas going up significantly in the process

U.S. Energy Information Agency, "Annual Energy Outlook 2012: Market Trends-Natural Gas," June 25, 2012, http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/MT_naturalgas.cfm.

226 which is more than seventy-two times as potent as CO2 in trapping heat

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "IPCC Fourth a.s.sessment Report: Climate Change 2007," http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/tssts-2-5.html.

227 buy time for the implementation

Drew s.h.i.+ndell et al., "Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and Improving Human Health and Food Security," Science, January 2012.

228 settle on the surface of ice and snow

V. Ramanathan and G. Carmichael, "Global and Regional Climate Changes Due to Black Carbon," Nature Geoscience 1 (April 2008).

229 the majority of smaller "wildcat" drillers do not

Robert Howarth et al., "Venting and Leaking of Methane from Shale Gas Development: Response to Cathles et al.," Climatic Change 113 (July 2012).

230 virtually all of the benefit natural gas might have

Nathan Myhrvold and Ken Caldeira, "Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change and the Transition from Coal to Low-Carbon Electricity," Environmental Research Letters, March 2012.

231 an average of five million gallons of water for each well

Chesapeake Energy, "Water Use in Deep Shale Gas Exploration," 2012, http://www.chk.com/Media/Educational-Library/Fact-Sheets/Corporate/Water_Use_Fact_Sheet.pdf; Jack Healy, "Struggle for Water in Colorado with Rise in Fracking," New York Times, September 5, 2012.

232 acute even before the spread of the thirsty fracking process

Healy, "Struggle for Water in Colorado with Rise in Fracking."

233 fracking wells are being drilled in communities where

Russell Gold and Ana Campoy, "Oil's Growing Thirst for Water," Wall Street Journal, December 6, 2011.

234 as chimneys for the upward migration of both methane and drilling fluids

Ian Urbina, "Tainted Water Well, and Concern There May Be More," New York Times, August 3, 2011.

235 cause of pollution in the aquifer above the area that was fracked