The Future: six drivers of global change Part 140

Tenille Tracy, "EPA Says Wyoming Fracking Results Are Consistent," Wall Street Journal, September 26, 2012.

236 at the behest of then vice president d.i.c.k Cheney

Abraham l.u.s.tgarten, "Hydrofracked: One Man's Quest for Answers About Natural Gas Drilling," ProPublica, June 27, 2011.

237 "The consequences of a misstep in a well"

Council on Foreign Relations, "The New North American Energy Paradigm."

238 political resistance from landowners

Inae Oh, "New York Fracking Protest Urges Cuomo to Ban Controversial Drilling," Huffington Post, August 22, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/22/new-york-fracking-protest-cuomo-photos_n_1822575.html.

239 has caused multiple small (usually harmless) earthquakes

Charles Choi, "Fracking Earthquakes: Injection Practice Linked to Scores of Tremors," Livescience, August 7, 2012.

240 alleged to have infiltrated water aquifers

Abraham l.u.s.tgarten and ProPublica, "Are Fracking Wastewater Wells Poisoning the Ground Beneath Our Feet?," Scientific American, June 21, 2012.

241 more common source of complaints than the initial injections

Rachel Ehrenberg, "The Facts Behind the Frack," ScienceNews, September 8, 2012, http://www.sciencenews.org/view/feature/id/343202/t.i.tle/The_Facts_Behind_the_Frack.

242 spread on roads, ostensibly for dust control

National Resources Defense Council, "Report: Five Primary Disposal Methods for Fracking Wastewater All Fail to Protect Public Health and Environment," May 9, 2012, http://www.nrdc.org/media/2012/120509.asp.

243 "something wrong and dangerous, they should punish them"

Christopher Helman, "Billionaire Father of Fracking Says Government Must Step Up Regulation," Forbes, July 19, 2012.

244 a potential tipping point

Joe Romm, ThinkProgress, "Gas Emissions Reduction Target for 2020," January 13, 2009, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2009/01/13/5472/the-united-states-needs-a-tougher-greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction-target-for-2020/.

245 frenzy of exploration for shale gas in China, Europe

Bryan Walsh, "In Hunt for Energy, China and Europe Explore Fracking," Time, May 21, 2012.

246 Africa, and elsewhere

Ruona Agbroko, "S Africa Lifts Fracking Ban," Financial Times, September 7, 2012.

247 U.S. horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies to China

Jerry Mandel, "Will U.S Shale Technology Make the Leap Across the Pacific?," E&E News, July 17, 2012, http://www.eenews.net/public/energywire/2012/07/17/1.

248 particularly in northern and northwestern China

"Water, Water Everywhere," China Economic Review, July 26, 2012.

249 the switch from coal to natural gas by electric utilities

Kevin Begos, "CO2 Emissions in US Drop to 20-Year Low," a.s.sociated Press, August 17, 2012.

250 Coal has the highest carbon content

U.S. Energy Information Agency, "How Much Carbon Dioxide Is Produced When Different Fuels Are Burned?," 2012, http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=73&t=11; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Air Emissions," 2007, http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.html.

251 Harriman, Tennessee, in my home state four years ago

Bobby Allyn, "TVA Held Responsible for Ma.s.sive Coal Ash Spill," Tennessean, August 23, 2012.