Washington - A Life Part 22

CHAPTER FORTY: DEVIL'S BARGAIN.

1. Hochschild, Bury the Chains, Bury the Chains, 156. 156.2. Ibid.3. WWR, WWR,1110. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, February 5, 1783.4. Ibid.5. Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 173. 173.6. Ibid., 174.7. PWCF, PWCF, 1:27. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 10, 1784. 1:27. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 10, 1784.8. Ibid., 2:72. Letter from La Luzerne, September 12, 1784.9. Ibid., 2:172. Letter to La Luzerne, December 5, 1784.10. Ibid., 1:258. Letter to Adrienne, Marquise de Lafayette, April 4, 1784.11. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 157. 157.12. PWCF, PWCF,1:189. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 9, 1784.13. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 159. 159.14. PWCF, PWCF,2:64. Letter from William Gordon, August 30, 1784.15. Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 198. 198.16. Ibid.17. Ibid., 200.18. PWCF, PWCF, 2:175. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, December 8, 1784. 2:175. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, December 8, 1784.19. Ibid., 4:43. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 10, 1786.20. Ibid., 4:44.21. Higginbotham, George Was.h.i.+ngton Reconsidered, George Was.h.i.+ngton Reconsidered, 122. 122.22. PWCF, PWCF, 3:356. Letter from James Madison, November 11, 1785. 3:356. Letter from James Madison, November 11, 1785.23. DiariesA, DiariesA,301.24. WWR, WWR,593. Letter to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786.25. Ibid., 593-94.26. Ibid., 594.27. WWR, WWR,607. Letter to John Francis Mercer, September 9, 1786.28. Ibid., 608.29. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 316. 316.30. PWCF, PWCF,4:465. Letter to John Francis Mercer, December 19, 1786.31. Ibid., 5:2. Letter to John Francis Mercer, February 1, 1787.32. Ibid., 5:10. Letter to Henry Lee, Jr., February 4, 1787.33. WWR, WWR,701-2.34. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 148. 148.35. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68. 68.36. DiariesA, DiariesA, 313. 313.37. Diaries, Diaries,4:277. Diary entry for February 17, 1786.38. PWCF, PWCF, 2:14. Letter to Clement Biddle, July 28, 1784. 2:14. Letter to Clement Biddle, July 28, 1784.39. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 349. 349.40. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 148. 148.41. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 120. 120.42. PWCF, PWCF,6:88. Letter to Henry Knox, February 5, 1788. February 5, 1788.43. Diaries, Diaries,5:260. Diary entries for January 3 and 4, 1788.44. PWCF, PWCF,6:88. Letter to Henry Knox, February 5, 1788. February 5, 1788.45. Diaries, Diaries,5:273. Diary entry for February 6, 1788.46. Ibid.47. Diaries, Diaries,4:259. Diary entry for January 4, 1786.

CHAPTER FORTY-ONE: THE RUINS OF THE PAST.

1. PWCF, PWCF,6:502. Letter to William Barton, September 7, 1788.2. Flexner, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 2:513. 2:513.3. Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 422. 422.4. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 222. 222.5. PWCF, PWCF,1:142-43. Letter from Henry Knox, February 21, 1784.6. Ibid., 1:190. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 9, 1784.7. Ibid., 1:260. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., April 4, 1784.8. Ibid., 1:288-89. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, April 16, 1784.9. Ibid., 6:502. Letter to William Barton, September 7, 1788.10. Ibid., 1:330. "Observations on the Inst.i.tution of the Society," ca. May 4, 1784.11. Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 144. 144.12. PWCF, PWCF,4:378. Letter to Theodorick Bland, November 18, 1786.13. Ibid., 3:213. Letter to Arthur St. Clair, August 31, 1785.14. WWF, WWF, 24:497. Letter to Elkanah Watson, August 10, 1782. 24:497. Letter to Elkanah Watson, August 10, 1782.15. McCammant, George Was.h.i.+ngton the Mason, George Was.h.i.+ngton the Mason, 5. 5.16. PWCF, PWCF, 2:233. Letter to James Madison, December 28, 1784. 2:233. Letter to James Madison, December 28, 1784.17. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 164. 164.18. WWR, WWR,569. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, December 14, 1784.19. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 24. 24.20. Ibid., 25.21. WWR, WWR,571. Letter to Benjamin Harrison, January 22, 1785.22. Ibid.23. Ibid., 572.24. PWCF, PWCF,2:399. Letter to Henry Knox, February 28, 1785. February 28, 1785.25. Ibid., 2:163. Letter to Edmund Randolph, July 30, 1785.26. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 28-29. 28-29.27. PWCF, PWCF,6:491. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 31, 1788.28. PWR, PWR,14:140. Letter to George William Fairfax, March 11, 1778.29. Ibid., 16:235. Letter from George William Fairfax, August 3, 1778.30. WWR, WWR,573-74. Letter to George William Fairfax, February 27, 1785.31. PWCF, PWCF,3:78. Letter from George William Fairfax, June 23, 1785.32. Ibid., 4:127. Letter to George William Fairfax, June 25, 1786.33. WWR, WWR,542. Letter to Lund Was.h.i.+ngton, September 20, 1783.34. PWCF, PWCF,3:374. Letter to Lund Was.h.i.+ngton, November 20, 1785.35. WWF, WWF,26:29. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, January 10, 1783.36. WWR, WWR,602. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1786.37. PWCF, PWCF, 2:60. Letter from Nathanael Greene, August 29, 1784. 2:60. Letter from Nathanael Greene, August 29, 1784.38. Ibid., 2:59.39. Ibid.40. Ibid., 4:283. Letter from Jeremiah Wadsworth, October 1, 1786.41. Golway, Was.h.i.+ngton's General, Was.h.i.+ngton's General, 314. 314.

CHAPTER FORTY-TWO: A MASTERLY HAND.

1. PWCF, PWCF,1:8. Letter to Solms, January 3, 1784.2. Ibid.3. Weintraub, General Was.h.i.+ngton's Christmas Farewell, General Was.h.i.+ngton's Christmas Farewell, 125. 125.4. PWCF, PWCF,2:52. Letter from George William Fairfax, August 23, 1784.5. Ibid., 2:53.6. WWR, WWR,576. Letter to Francis Hopkinson, May 16, 1785.7. PWCF, PWCF, 1:387. 1:387.8. Ibid.9. PWCF, PWCF,2:177. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, December 10, 1884.10. Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 120. 120.11. PWCF, PWCF, 3:112. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, July 10, 1785. 3:112. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, July 10, 1785.12. Ibid., 3:279. Letter to Jean-Antoine Houdon, September 26, 1785.13. Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 120. 120.14. Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, Victory at Yorktown, 3. 3.15. PWCF, PWCF,3:344. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, November 8, 1785.16. WWR, WWR,601. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1786.17. Ellis, His Excellency: George Was.h.i.+ngton, His Excellency: George Was.h.i.+ngton, 169. 169.18. WWR, WWR,588. Letter to James McHenry, August 22, 1785.19. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 222. 222.20. PWCF, PWCF,3:423. Letter to David Stuart, November 30, 1785.21. Ibid., 4:216. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, August 15, 1786.22. WWR, WWR,606. Letter to John Jay, August 15, 1786.23. Ibid., 621. Letter to James Madison, November 5, 1786.24. Ibid., 588. Letter to James McHenry, August 22, 1785.25. Ibid., 606-7. Letter to John Jay, August 15, 1786.26. Ibid., 601. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 1, 1786.27. PWCF, PWCF, 4:56. Letter to John Jay, May 18, 1786. 4:56. Letter to John Jay, May 18, 1786.28. Ibid., 4:169. Letter to William Grayson, July 26, 1786.29. WWR, WWR, 4 4:605. Letter to John Jay, August 15, 1786.30. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 174. 174.31. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:567. 1:567.32. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 223. 223.33. WWR, WWR,1114.34. PWCF, PWCF,4:295. Letter from Henry Lee, Jr., October 17, 1786.35. Ibid., 4:297. Letter to David Humphreys, October 22, 1786.36. Ibid.37. Ibid., 4:300. Letter from Henry Knox, October 23, 1786.38. Ibid., 4:325. Letter from David Humphreys, November 1,1786.39. Ibid., 4:332. Letter to James Madison, November 5, 1786.40. WWR, WWR,631. Letter to David Humphreys, December 26, 1786.41. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 242. 242.

CHAPTER FORTY-THREE: A HOUSE ON FIRE.

1. WWR, WWR,705. "Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address," January 1789.2. PWCF, PWCF, 4:316. Letter to the Society of the Cincinnati, October 31, 1786. 4:316. Letter to the Society of the Cincinnati, October 31, 1786.3. WWR, WWR,623. Letter to James Madison, November 18, 1786.4. Ibid., 645. Letter to Edmund Randolph, March 28, 1787.5. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:62. 6:62.6. DiariesA, DiariesA,313. Diary entry for January 10, 1787.7. WWR, WWR,624. Letter to James Madison, November 18, 1786.8. PWCF, PWCF,4:448. Letter from James Madison, December 7, 1786.9. WWR, WWR,624. Letter to James Madison, December 16, 1786.10. PWCF, PWCF, 4:474-75. Letter from James Madison, December 24, 1786. 4:474-75. Letter from James Madison, December 24, 1786.11. WWR, WWR,644. Letter to John Jay, March 10, 1787.12. Higginbotham, George Was.h.i.+ngton Reconsidered, George Was.h.i.+ngton Reconsidered, 276. 276.13. WWR, WWR,633. Letter to David Humphreys, December 26, 1786.14. PWCF, PWCF, 4:529. Letter from David Humphreys, January 20, 1787. 4:529. Letter from David Humphreys, January 20, 1787.15. Stahr, John Jay, John Jay, 242. 242.16. WWR, WWR,635. Letter to Henry Knox, February 3, 1787.17. Freeman, Was.h.i.+ngton Was.h.i.+ngton, 537.18. PWCF, PWCF,5:52. Letter to Henry Knox, February 25, 1787. February 25, 1787.19. WWR, WWR,642. Letter to Henry Knox, March 8, 1787. March 8, 1787.20. PWCF, PWCF, 5:96. Letter from Henry Knox, March 19, 1787. 5:96. Letter from Henry Knox, March 19, 1787.21. Ibid., 5:9722. WWR, WWR,645. Letter to Edmund Randolph, March 28, 1787.23. Ibid.24. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, Revolutionary Characters, 45. 45.25. PWCF, PWCF,5:119. Letter to Henry Knox, April 2, 1787. April 2, 1787.26. Ibid., 5:36.27. Ibid.28. Conkling, Memoirs of Mother and Wife of Was.h.i.+ngton, Memoirs of Mother and Wife of Was.h.i.+ngton, 57. 57.29. PWCF, PWCF, 5:33. Letter to Mary Ball Was.h.i.+ngton, February 15, 1787. 5:33. Letter to Mary Ball Was.h.i.+ngton, February 15, 1787.30. Ibid., 5:34.31. Ibid., 5:35.32. Freeman, Was.h.i.+ngton Was.h.i.+ngton, 558.33. PWCF, PWCF,5:157. Letter to Henry Knox, April 27, 1787.34. Ibid., 5:171. Letter to Robert Morris, May 5, 1787.35. Ibid.36. Ibid., 158.37. Ibid., 171. Letter to Robert Morris, May 5, 1787.38. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 265. 265.39. Kaminski and McCaughan, Great and Good Man, Great and Good Man, 83. 83.40. WWR, WWR,413. Letter to Sarah Bache, January 15, 1781.41. Schiff, A Great Improvisation, A Great Improvisation, 359. 359.42. PWCF, PWCF, 5:189. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, May 17, 1787. 5:189. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, May 17, 1787.43. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 178. 178.44. PWCF, PWCF,5:186.45. DiariesA, DiariesA,315. Diary entry for May 18, 1787.46. Ibid., 316. Diary entry for May 23, 1787.47. Maxey, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, 26. 26.48. Ibid., 21.49. WWR, WWR,224. Letter to John Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, May 31, 1776.50. DiariesA, DiariesA,315.51. Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 446. 446.52. DiariesA, DiariesA,317.53. WWR, WWR, 708. "Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address," ca. January 1789. 708. "Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address," ca. January 1789.54. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 37. 37.55. Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 107. 107.56. PWCF, PWCF, 5:208. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, May 30, 1787. 5:208. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, May 30, 1787.57. Morgan, Genius of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Genius of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 5. 5.58. Kaminski and McCaughan, Great and Good Man, 87. 87.59. PWCF, PWCF,5:219.

CHAPTER FORTY-FOUR: RISING SUN.

1. PWCF, PWCF,5:219. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, June 3, 1787.2. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 210. 210.3. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 235. 235.4. Ibid., 236.5. WWR, WWR,653. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 10, 1787.6. Diaries, Diaries,5:177. Diary entry for July 22, 1787.7. Ibid., 5:179. Diary entry for July 31, 1787.8. Ibid.9. DiariesA, DiariesA,324. Diary entry for August 19, 1787.10. Diaries, Diaries,5:172. Diary entry for June 30, 1787.11. PWCF, PWCF,5:269. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, July 23, 1787.12. Ibid., 5:280. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, July 30, 1787.13. Callahan, General Knox, General Knox, 262. 262.14. Higginbotham, George Was.h.i.+ngton Reconsidered, George Was.h.i.+ngton Reconsidered, 124. 124.15. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 266. 266.16. Wood, "Reading the Founders' Minds."17. Morgan, "Problem of Slavery."18. Ibid.19. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 73. 73.20. Ibid., 119.21. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 42. 42.22. PWCF, PWCF, 5:321. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, September 9, 1787. 5:321. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, September 9, 1787.23. Ibid., 5:400. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 30, 1787.24. Monroe, View of the Conduct of the Executive, View of the Conduct of the Executive, iv. iv. WWR, WWR, 800. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, January 28, 1792. 800. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, January 28, 1792.25. WWR, WWR,932. Letter to the House of Representatives, March 30, 1796.26. Ibid., 668. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 7, 1788.27. Ibid., 695. Letter to Edward Newenham, August 29, 1788.28. Ibid., 669. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 7, 1788.29. PWP, PWP, 2:245. Letter to Philip Schuyler, May 9, 1789. 2:245. Letter to Philip Schuyler, May 9, 1789.30. Fahim, "George Was.h.i.+ngton Letter Found in Sc.r.a.pbook." New York Times, New York Times, April 27, 2007. April 27, 2007.31. Maxey, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, 30. 30.32. Ibid.33. Goldwin, From Parchment to Power, From Parchment to Power, 34. 34.34. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 66. 66.35. Goldwin, From Parchment to Power, From Parchment to Power, 59. 59.36. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 196. 196.37. Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 753. 753.38. PWCF, PWCF, 5:331. Letter to the President of Congress, September 17, 1787. 5:331. Letter to the President of Congress, September 17, 1787.39. Diaries, Diaries,5:186. Diary entry for September 19, 1787.40. DiariesA, DiariesA,325. Diary entry for September 22, 1787.41. WWR, WWR,671. Letter to John Armstrong, April 25, 1788.42. Ibid., 658. Letter to Henry Knox, October 15, 1787. October 15, 1787.

CHAPTER FORTY-FIVE: MOUNTING THE SEAT.

1. PWCF, PWCF,5:425.2. Ibid.3. Ibid., 5:399-400. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 30, 1787.4. Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 756. 756.5. Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 157. 157.6. Ibid., 173.7. PWCF, PWCF, 6:448. Letter to Charles Pett.i.t, August 16, 1788. 6:448. Letter to Charles Pett.i.t, August 16, 1788.8. WWR, WWR,667. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 7, 1788.9. Ibid., 662. Letter to Bushrod Was.h.i.+ngton, November 9, 1787.10. MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800."11. PWCF, PWCF,5:383. Letter from James Madison, October 18, 1787.12. Ibid., 5:369-70.13. Ibid. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, October 11, 1787.14. Ibid., 5:380. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, October 18, 1787.15. WWR, WWR, 657. Letter to David Humphreys, October 10, 1787. 657. Letter to David Humphreys, October 10, 1787.16. PWCF, PWCF,5:426. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, November 10, 1787.17. WWR WWR, 692. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 28, 1788.18. PWCF, PWCF, 5:467. Letter to David Stuart, November 30, 1787. 5:467. Letter to David Stuart, November 30, 1787.19. Ibid., 5:500. Letter from James Madison, December 20, 1787.20. Ibid., 6:150. Letter from Henry Knox, March 10, 1778.21. WWR, WWR, 667. Letter to Edmund Randolph, January 8, 1788. 667. Letter to Edmund Randolph, January 8, 1788.22. Ibid., 684. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 19, 1788.23. Ibid., 681-82. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 28, 1788.24. PWCF, PWCF,6:351. Letter to James Madison, June 23, 1788.25. Ibid., 6:339. Letter from James Madison, June 18, 1788.26. Ibid., 6:316. Letter from Bushrod Was.h.i.+ngton, June 7, 1788.27. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 45. 45.28. DiariesA DiariesA, 330.29. PWP, PWP, 10:631. Letter from Edmund Randolph, August 5, 1792. 10:631. Letter from Edmund Randolph, August 5, 1792.30. Ibid., 4:1. Letter to James Craik, September 8, 1789.31. Ibid.32. PWP, PWP, 10:351. "Madison's Conversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," 5[-25] May 1792. 10:351. "Madison's Conversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," 5[-25] May 1792.33. WWR, WWR,679. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, April 28, 1788.34. PWCF, PWCF,5:425.35. Kaminski and McCaughan, Great and Good Man, 39. 39.36. WWR, WWR,696-97. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, October 3, 1788.37. PWCF, PWCF, 5:400. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 30, 1787. 5:400. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 30, 1787.38. Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 226. 226.39. PWCF, PWCF,6:444. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, August 13, 1788.40. WWR, WWR, 692. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 28, 1788. 692. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 28, 1788.41. Ibid., 697. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, October 3, 1788.42. Ibid.43. PWP, PWP, 1:24. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, September 1788. 1:24. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, September 1788.44. Ibid., 119. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, November 18, 1788.45. WWR, WWR,671. Letter to John Armstrong, April 25, 1788.46. PWCF, PWCF, 6:534. Letter to James Madison, September 23, 1788. 6:534. Letter to James Madison, September 23, 1788.47. Ibid., 6:470. Letter from James Madison, August 24, 1788.48. PWP, PWP, 1:72. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln, October 26, 1788. 1:72. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln, October 26, 1788.49. Kaminski and McCaughan, Great and Good Man, Great and Good Man, 99. 99.50. Ibid., 97.51. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 202. 202.52. PWP, PWP, 1:166. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, December 6, 1788. 1:166. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, December 6, 1788.53. PWCF, PWCF,6:531. Letter to Henry Lee, Jr., September 22, 1788.54. WWR, WWR, 717. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, January 29, 1789. 717. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, January 29, 1789.55. Ibid., 697. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, October 3, 1788.56. PWP, PWP, 10:535. "Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," July 10, 1792. 10:535. "Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," July 10, 1792.57. Ibid., 1:262. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, January 29, 1789.58. Ibid., 1:226. Letter to Henry Knox, January 1, 1789. January 1, 1789.59. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 273. 273.60. PWCF, PWCF,5:43. Letter to Bridget Kirk, February 20, 1787.61. Ibid., 5:173. Letter to Lund Was.h.i.+ngton, May 7, 1787.62. Ibid., 5:288. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, August 12, 1787.63. Ibid., 5:325. Letter to John Cannon, September 16, 1787.64. Ibid., 6:198. Letter to Charles Lee, April 4, 1788.65. Ibid.66. Ibid., 6:285. Letter to Thomas Lewis, May 19, 1788.67. Ibid., 6:352-53. Letter to David Stuart, June 23, 1788.68. Ibid., 6:423. Letter to James Craik, August 4, 1788.69. PWP, PWP, 1:203. Letter to John Cannon, December 26, 1788. 1:203. Letter to John Cannon, December 26, 1788.70. Ibid., 1:361-62. Letter to Richard Conway, March 4, 1789.71. Ibid., 1:368. Letter to Richard Conway, March 6, 1789.72. PWCF, PWCF,2:317. Letter to Robert Lewis & Sons, February 1, 1785.73. WWR, WWR,724. Letter to Thomas Green, March 31, 1789.74. Ibid., 725.

CHAPTER FORTY-SIX: THE PLACE OF EXECUTION.

1. PWP, PWP, 2:2. Letter to Henry Knox 2:2. Letter to Henry Knox, April 1, 1789. April 1, 1789.2. Ibid.3. WWR, WWR,735. Letter to Edward Rutledge, May 5, 1789.4. PWP, PWP, 1:424. Letter to Samuel Vaughan, March 21, 1789. 1:424. Letter to Samuel Vaughan, March 21, 1789.5. DiariesA, DiariesA,337.6. PWP, PWP, 3:317. Letter from Charles Thomson, July 25, 1789. 3:317. Letter from Charles Thomson, July 25, 1789.7. Ibid., 2:54. "Address by Charles Thomson," April 14, 1789.8. Ibid. p. 2:29. Letter from John Langdon, April 6, 1789.9. Ibid., 2:56. "Address to Charles Thomson," April 14, 1789.10. WWR, WWR,730. Diary entry for April 16, 1789.11. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 213. 213.12. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:166. 6:166.13. PWP, PWP, 2:78. "To the Delaware Society for Promoting Domestic Manufacturers," April 19-20, 1789. 2:78. "To the Delaware Society for Promoting Domestic Manufacturers," April 19-20, 1789.14. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, Revolutionary Characters, 50. 50.15. Kaminski and McCaughan, Great and Good Man, Great and Good Man, 104. 104.16. Ibid., 109.17. PWP, PWP, 2:102. 2:102.18. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:175. 6:175.19. PWP, PWP, 2:108. "To the Ladies of Trenton," April 21, 1789. 2:108. "To the Ladies of Trenton," April 21, 1789.20. WWR, WWR,735. Letter to Edward Rutledge, May 5, 1789.21. PWP, PWP, 2:133. 2:133.22. Ibid., 2:134.23. Ibid.24. Ibid.25. Ibid.26. PWP, PWP, 1:444. Letter to George Clinton, March 25, 1789. 1:444. Letter to George Clinton, March 25, 1789.27. DiariesA, DiariesA,338.28. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 274. 274.29. DiariesA, DiariesA,338. Diary entry for April 23, 1780.30. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:182. 6:182.31. PWP, PWP, 2:114. 2:114.32. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 56. 56.33. Stoll, Samuel Adams, Samuel Adams, 131. 131.34. Winik, Great Upheaval, Great Upheaval, 67. 67.35. Isenberg, Fallen Founder, Fallen Founder, 233. 233.36. WWR, WWR,706. "Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address," ca. January 1789.37. Ibid.38. Ibid., 708.39. Ibid., 707.40. WWR, WWR,734. Letter to James Madison, May 5, 1789.41. Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 216. 216.42. WWR, WWR,718. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, January 29, 1789.43. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:191. 6:191.44. Stahr, John Jay, John Jay, 269. 269.45. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:195. 6:195.46. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 47. 47.47. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 283. 283.48. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 275. 275.49. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 64. 64.50. PWP, PWP, 2:155. 2:155.51. Ibid.52. Cunliffe, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 130. 130.53. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 283. 283.54. WWR, WWR,730. "First Inaugural Address," April 30, 1789.55. Ibid., 731.56. Ibid.57. Ibid., 730-31.58. WWR, WWR,704. "Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address," ca. January 1789.59. Ibid., 732. "First Inaugural Address," April 30, 1789.60. Ibid., 733.61. Ibid.62. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 8. 8.63. PWP, PWP, 1:253. Letter from Samuel Powel, January 26, 1789. 1:253. Letter from Samuel Powel, January 26, 1789.64. Ibid., 1:281. Letter to Samuel Powel, February 5, 1789.65. Ibid., 1:338-39. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, February 23, 1789.66. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 205. 205.67. Ibid., 223.68. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 23. 23.69. Brady, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 3. 3.70. Ibid.71. PWP, PWP, 2:205. 2:205.72. Brady, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 10. 10.73. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 21. 21.74. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 215. 215.75. Ibid.76. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:213. 6:213.77. Ibid., 6:213-14.78. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 220. 220.79. Ibid., 219.80. Thompson, "'As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody.'"81. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," p.223. p.223.82. Ibid., 224.83. Lossing, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 22. 22.

CHAPTER FORTY-SEVEN: ACTING THE PRESIDENCY.

1. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 56. 56.2. Ibid., 333.3. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 250. 250.4. PWP, PWP, 2:246-47. Letter to John Adams, May 10, 1789. 2:246-47. Letter to John Adams, May 10, 1789.5. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 51. 51.6. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, Revolutionary Characters, 54. 54.7. Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, 76. 76.8. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 56. 56.9. PWP, PWP,3:199. Letter from David Stuart, July 14, 1789.10. McDonald, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 25-26. 25-26.11. PWP, PWP, 5:526. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790. 5:526. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.12. Ibid., 3:322. Letter to David Stuart, July 26, 1789.13. Ibid., 3:323.14. Ibid., 2:282. Letter to James Madison, May 12, 1789.15. Ibid., 2:213. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, May 5, 1789.16. Ibid., 10:655. Letter to James McHenry, August 13, 1792.17. Ibid., 2:247. 18 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 101. 101.19. Sullivan, Public Men of the Revolution, Public Men of the Revolution, 120. 120.20. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 68. 68.21. WWR, WWR,763. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.22. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 279. 279.23. Brady, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 167. 167.24 . Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 129. 129.25. Sullivan, Public Men of the Revolution, Public Men of the Revolution, 117. 117.26. Chinard, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, 120. 120.27. Diaries, Diaries,6:54. Diary entry for March 26, 1790.28. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 245. 245.29. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 45. 45.30. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 83. 83.31. Ibid., 74.32. Ibid., 258.33. Ibid., 137.34. Ibid.35. Ibid., 212.36. Ibid.37. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 123. 123.38. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 261. 261.39. Ibid., 365-66.40. WWR, WWR,762-63. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.41. PWP, PWP, 11:182. "Thomas Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," October 1, 1792. 11:182. "Thomas Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," October 1, 1792.42. Ibid, 12:107. "Thomas Jefferson's Notes on a Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," February 7, 1793.43. Ibid., 2:248. Letter to George Augustine Was.h.i.+ngton, May 3, 1789.44. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 51. 51.45. Ibid., 116.46. PWP, PWP, 2:248. 2:248.47. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 116. 116.48. PWP, PWP, 4:336. 4:336.49. Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 144. 144.50. PWRT, PWRT, 2:490. Letter to William Fitzhugh, August 5, 1798. 2:490. Letter to William Fitzhugh, August 5, 1798.51. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, Revolutionary Characters, 52. 52.52. Burstein, Original Knickerbocker, Original Knickerbocker, 7. 7.53. PWP, PWP, 3:199. Letter from David Stuart, July 14, 1789. 3:199. Letter from David Stuart, July 14, 1789.54. Stahr, John Jay, John Jay, 226. 226.55. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 34. 34.

CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHT: THE CARES OF OFFICE.

1. DiariesA DiariesA, 297.2. Flexner, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 3:212. 3:212.3. Ibid.4. Ibid.5. PWP, PWP, 3:77. 3:77.6. Ibid., 3:112. Letter to James McHenry, July 3, 1789.7. Brady, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 167. 167.8. PWP, PWP, 4:1. Letter to James Craik, September 8, 1789. 4:1. Letter to James Craik, September 8, 1789.9. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Was.h.i.+ngton Anniversary Committee, Memorandum for the Martha Was.h.i.+ngton Anniversary Committee, 15. 15.10. PWP, PWP, 4:1. Letter to James Craik, September 8, 1789. 4:1. Letter to James Craik, September 8, 1789.11. Ibid.12. Henriques, "Saint or Shrew?"13. WWR, WWR,740. Letter to Betty Was.h.i.+ngton Lewis, September 13, 1789.14. PWP, PWP, 1:368. Letter to Richard Conway, March 6, 1789. 1:368. Letter to Richard Conway, March 6, 1789.15. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 2:28. 2:28.16. WWR, WWR,741. Letter to Betty Was.h.i.+ngton Lewis, September 13, 1789.17. Ibid.18. PWP, PWP, 4:35. 4:35.19. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 121. 121.20. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 59. 59.21. Ibid.22. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 128. 128.23. Ibid., 129.24. Ibid., 130.25. Ibid.26. Ibid., 386.27. Guerrero, John Adams' Vice-Presidency, John Adams' Vice-Presidency, 183. 183.28. Ibid., 185.29. Wood, Revolutionary Characters, Revolutionary Characters, 175. 175.30. Cunliffe, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 175. 175.31. Irving, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 575. 575.

CHAPTER FORTY-NINE: RAYS OF GENIUS.

1. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 353. 353.2. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 74. 74.3. Ibid.4. PWP, PWP, 1:352. Letter to Thomas Barclay, March 2, 1789. 1:352. Letter to Thomas Barclay, March 2, 1789.5. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 286. 286.6. McDonald, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 27. 27.7. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 289. 289.8. Ellis, His Excellency: George Was.h.i.+ngton, His Excellency: George Was.h.i.+ngton, 198. 198.9. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 74. 74.10. PWCF, PWCF,2:253. Letter to Henry Knox, January 5, 1785. January 5, 1785.11. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 287. 287.12. Ibid., 281.13. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 287. 287.14. PWP, PWP, 1:441. Letter from H.Z., March 24, 1789. 1:441. Letter from H.Z., March 24, 1789.15. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:560. 1:560.16. WWR, WWR,597. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 10, 1786.17. PWP, PWP, 4:413. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, December 15, 1787. 4:413. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, December 15, 1787.18. WWR, WWR,754-55. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, January 21, 1790.19. Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, 70 7020. PWCF, PWCF,6:256. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 2, 1788.21. Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 199. 199.22. Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1319. 1319.23. Ibid., 1321.24. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Was.h.i.+ngton Anniversary Committee, Memorandum for the Martha Was.h.i.+ngton Anniversary Committee, 20. 20.25. Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1319. 1319.26. Ibid., 1320.27. Schiff, Great Improvisation, Great Improvisation, 403. 403.28. Jackman, "Young Englishman Reports."29. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 55. 55.30. PWP, PWP,4:67. Letter to James Madison, ca. September 23, 1789.31. PWCF, PWCF, 6:316. Letter from Bushrod Was.h.i.+ngton, June 7, 1788. 6:316. Letter from Bushrod Was.h.i.+ngton, June 7, 1788.32. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 72. 72.33. Ibid.34. PWP, PWP, 4:78. Letter to John Jay, October 5, 1789. 4:78. Letter to John Jay, October 5, 1789.35. WWF, WWF,25:274. Letter to John Jay, October 18, 1782.36. PWP, PWP,4:137. Letter to John Jay, October 5, 1789.37. McDonald, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 40. 40.38. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 86. 86.39. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 70. 70.40. PWP, PWP, 10:455. Letter from Henry Lee, June 15, 1792. 10:455. Letter from Henry Lee, June 15, 1792.41. Flexner, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 2:550. 2:550.42. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 268. 268.43. PWP, PWP, 2:248. 2:248.44. WWR, WWR,752. Letter to Catharine Macaulay Graham, January 9, 1790.45. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 290. 290.46. Marshall, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 467. 467.47. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 188. 188.48. Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1318. 1318.49. Ibid.50. WWF, WWF,35:138. Letter to the Secretary of War, July 13, 1796.51. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 78-79. 78-79.52. WWF, WWF,35:296. Letter to George Was.h.i.+ngton Parke Custis, November 28, 1796.53. Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 100. 100.54. WWR, WWR,662-63. Letter to Bushrod Was.h.i.+ngton, November 9, 1787.55. Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 8. 8.56. WWF, WWF,33:319. Letter to James McHenry, April 8, 1794.57. PWCF, PWCF,4:211. Letter to Theodorick Bland, August 15, 1786.58. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 7:493. 7:493.59. PWRT, PWRT,1:219. Letter to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797.60. WWR, WWR,823. Letter to John Francis Mercer, September 26, 1792.61. Ibid., 699. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln, October 26, 1788.62. Ibid., 712. "Fragments of a Draft of the First Inaugural Address," ca. January 1789.63. PWP, PWP, 1:244. Letter from James Madison, January 14, 1789. 1:244. Letter from James Madison, January 14, 1789.64. Ibid., 2:419. Letter to James Madison, ca. May 31, 1789.65. Leibiger, Founding Friends.h.i.+p, Founding Friends.h.i.+p, 121. 121.66. PWP, PWP, 4:176. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 13, 1789. 4:176. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 13, 1789.

CHAPTER FIFTY: THE TRAVELING PRESIDENCY.

1. WWR, WWR,737-38. Letter to John Adams, May 10, 1789.2. PWP, PWP, 4:132. "Thanksgiving Proclamation," October 3, 1789. 4:132. "Thanksgiving Proclamation," October 3, 1789.3. Jefferson, Writings, Writings, 1319. 1319.4. Diaries, Diaries,5:464. Diary entry for October 17, 1789.5. DiariesA, DiariesA,348. Diary entry for October 21, 1789.6. Ibid., 349. Diary entry for October 23, 1789.7. Irving, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 562. 562.8. Ibid., 563.9. DiariesA, DiariesA,350. Diary entry for October 24, 1789.10. Diaries, Diaries,5:475.11. DiariesA, DiariesA,351. Diary entry for October 25, 1789.12. PWP, PWP, 4:228. Letter from John Hanc.o.c.k, October 26, 1789. 4:228. Letter from John Hanc.o.c.k, October 26, 1789.13. Ibid., 162. Letter to Betty Was.h.i.+ngton Lewis, October 12, 1789.14. Ibid., 162-63.15. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 83. 83.16. Miles, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 21. 21.17. DiariesA, DiariesA,352.18. Ibid. Diary entry for October 28, 1789.19. Thompson, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, Statements Regarding the Physical Appearance, 48. 48.20. Diaries, Diaries,5:480-81.21. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 278. 278.22. DiariesA, DiariesA, 353. Diary entry for October 29, 1789. 353. Diary entry for October 29, 1789.23. Ibid.24. Ibid., 356. Diary entry for November 3, 1789.25. Ibid., Diary entry for November 5, 1789.26. Ibid., 357. Diary entry for November 6, 1789.27. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:245. 6:245.28. DiariesA, DiariesA,358. Diary entry for November 13, 1789.29. Ibid., 333.30. Ibid., 341.31. PWP, PWP, 9:217. Letter to Lafayette, November 21, 1791. 9:217. Letter to Lafayette, November 21, 1791.32. Miles, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 25. 25.33. Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 134. 134.34. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Was.h.i.+ngton, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Was.h.i.+ngton, 408. 408.35. Irving, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 617. 617.36. Miles, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 17. 17.37. Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, Gilbert Stuart, 191. 191.38. Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 165. 165.39. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 7. 7.40. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 310. 310.41. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Was.h.i.+ngton, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Was.h.i.+ngton, 41. 41.42. PWRT, PWRT, 2:324. Letter to George Was.h.i.+ngton Parke Custis, June 13, 1798. 2:324. Letter to George Was.h.i.+ngton Parke Custis, June 13, 1798.43. PWP, PWP,8:52.44. Diaries, Diaries,6:26.45. PWP, PWP, 5:193. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, March 1, 1790. 5:193. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, March 1, 1790.

CHAPTER FIFTY-ONE: THE STATE OF THE PRESIDENT.

1. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 179. 179.2. WWR, WWR,749. "First Annual Message to Congress," January 8, 1790.3. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 182. 182.4. Irving, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Life of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 572. 572.5. WWR, WWR,503. Letter to Lund Was.h.i.+ngton, March 19, 1783.6. PWCF, PWCF,5:411-12. Letter to David Stuart, November 5, 1787.7. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 297. 297.8. Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 79. 79.9. Adams, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, 1:565. 1:565.10. WWR, WWR,502. Letter to Joseph Jones, March 18, 1783.11. WWF, WWF, 26:446-47. "General Orders," May 21, 1783. 26:446-47. "General Orders," May 21, 1783.12. WWR, WWR,757. Letter to David Stuart, March 28, 1790.13. Ibid., 756.14. Ibid., 760. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1780.15. PWP, PWP,4:266. "To the Society of Quakers," ca. October 1789.16. WWR, WWR,1118.17. Bordewich, Was.h.i.+ngton, Was.h.i.+ngton, 39. 39.18. Winik, Great Upheaval, Great Upheaval, 277. 277.19. DiariesA, DiariesA,367. Diary entry for March 16, 1790.20. WWR, WWR,758. Letter to David Stuart, March 28, 1790.21. Ibid., 761. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.22. Fountain, "Observatory," New York Times, New York Times, January 17, 2006. January 17, 2006.23. PWP, PWP,5:388. Letter from Henry Hill, May 7, 1790.24. Van Doren, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Franklin, 780. 780.25. Schiff, Great Improvisation, Great Improvisation, 403. 403.26. Diaries, Diaries,6:56. Diary entry for April 4, 1790.27. PWP, PWP, 5:394. 5:394.28. Ibid.29. Ibid.30. Ibid., 5:395.31. Ibid., 5:393.32. Ibid., 5:394.33. Ibid.34. DiariesA, DiariesA,373.35. Ibid.36. Unger, Unexpected Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected Was.h.i.+ngton, 200. 200.37. DiariesA, DiariesA,373.38. PWP, PWP, 5:397. 5:397.39. Ibid., 5:469. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790.40. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 226. 226.41. PWP, PWP, 5:396. 5:396.42. Ibid, 5:397.43. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 323. 323.44. PWP, PWP, 5:527. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790. 5:527. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.45. Ibid.46. Ibid., 5:469. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790.47. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 133. 133.48. PWP, PWP, 8:327. 8:327.49. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 201. 201.

CHAPTER FIFTY-TWO: CAPITAL MATTERS.

1. WWR, WWR,796-97. Letter to Arthur Young, December 5, 1791.2. Ketcham, James Madison James Madison, 309.3. WWR, WWR,761. Letter to David Stuart, June 15, 1790.4. Ibid.5. Bordewich, Was.h.i.+ngton, Was.h.i.+ngton, 29. 29.6. Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 257. 257.7. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 319. 319.8. Ibid., 328.9. PWP, PWP,11:98. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, September 9, 1792.10 . Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 21. 21.11 . PWP, PWP, 6:72. 6:72.12 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 105. 105.13 . Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 368. 368.14 . Thompson, "In the Hands of a Good Providence," "In the Hands of a Good Providence," 159. 159.15. Ibid.16 . PWP, PWP, 6:285. "To the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island," August 18, 1790. 6:285. "To the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island," August 18, 1790.17 . Ibid., 5:448. Letter to the Savannah, Georgia, Hebrew Congregation, ca. May 1790.18. Ibid., 6:303. 19 . Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:279. 6:279.20 . PWP, PWP, 6:681. Letter from Tobias Lear, November 21, 1790. 6:681. Letter from Tobias Lear, November 21, 1790.21 . Ibid., 6:105. Letter to Clement Biddle, July 20, 1790.22 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 169. 169.23 . Cadou, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, George Was.h.i.+ngton Collection, 154. 154.24 . WWR, WWR,768. "Second Annual Message to Congress," December 8, 1790.25 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 342. 342.26 . Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 377. 377.27 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 136. 136.28 . PWP, PWP, 6:606. Letter from Tobias Lear, October 31, 1790. 6:606. Letter from Tobias Lear, October 31, 1790.29 . Ibid., 6:409. Letter to Tobias Lear, September 9, 1790.30 . Ibid., 6:682. Letter to Tobias Lear, November 22, 1790.31 . Ibid., 8:85. Letter to Tobias Lear, April 12, 1791.32 . Ibid.33 . Ibid.34 . Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 230. 230.35 . PWP, PWP, 8:85. Letter to Tobias Lear, April 12, 1791. 8:85. Letter to Tobias Lear, April 12, 1791.36 . Ibid., 8:132. Letter from Tobias Lear, April 24, 1791.37. Ibid.38 . Ibid., 8:232. Letter from Tobias Lear, June 5, 1791.39 . Schwarz, Slavery at the Home of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Slavery at the Home of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 36. 36.40 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 254. 254.41 . PWP, PWP, 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792. 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792.42 . Ibid., 10:461. Letter to Arthur Young, June 18, 1792.43 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 151. 151.44 . Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 233. 233.45 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 150. 150.46 . PWP, PWP, 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792. 11:229. Letter to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792.47 . Ibid., 11:333. Letter to Anthony Whitting, November 4, 1792.48 . Ibid., 11:401. Letter to Anthony Whitting, November 18, 1792.49 . WWF, WWF,34:12. Letter to William Pearce, November 2, 1794.50 . Ibid., 35:34. Letter to William Pearce, May 1, 1796.51 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 149. 149.52 . PWP, PWP, 11:461. Letter to Anthony Whitting, December 2, 1792. 11:461. Letter to Anthony Whitting, December 2, 1792.53 . Henriques, Realistic Visionary, Realistic Visionary, 154. 154.

CHAPTER FIFTY-THREE: SOUTHERN EXPOSURE.

1 . Diaries, Diaries,6:9. Diary entry for January 18, 1790.2 . PWP, PWP, 7:355. Letter to John Greenwood, February 16, 1791. 7:355. Letter to John Greenwood, February 16, 1791.3 . Ibid., 8:515. Letter from John Greenwood, September 10, 1791.4 . WWR, WWR,985. Letter to John Greenwood, January 20, 1797.5. Ibid., 986.6 . PWRT, PWRT,3:245. Letter to John Greenwood, December 7, 1798.7 . Ibid.8 . PWRT, PWRT, 3:289. Letter from John Greenwood, December 28, 1798. 3:289. Letter from John Greenwood, December 28, 1798.9 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, Victory at Yorktown, 166. 166.10 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 195. 195.11 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 362. 362.12 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 179. 179.13 . Ibid., 177.14 . Ibid., 200.15 . Ibid., 173.16 . Chinard, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, 94. 94.17 . Miles, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, George and Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 20. 20.18 . PWRT, PWRT, 3:243. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 4, 1798. 3:243. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 4, 1798.19 . Ibid., 3:242. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 3, 1798.20 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 311. 311.21 . PWRT, PWRT,1:130. Letter to Mary White Morris, May 1, 1797.22 . WWR, WWR,824. Letter to Elizabeth Was.h.i.+ngton Lewis, October 7, 1792.23 . Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 81. 81.24 . Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 401. 401.25 . PWRT, PWRT, 1:392. Letter to Elizabeth Foote Was.h.i.+ngton, October 8, 1797. 1:392. Letter to Elizabeth Foote Was.h.i.+ngton, October 8, 1797.26 . PWP, PWP,7:396.27 . Ibid., 7:357. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 16, 1791.28 . Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:293. 6:293.29 . Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 363. 363.30 . PWP, PWP,8:359. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.31 . Ibid., 5:236. Letter from David Stuart, March 15, 1790.32. Ibid., 6:274.33 . Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:307. 6:307.34 . PWP, PWP,8:277. Letter to Tobias Lear, June 19, 1791.35. Diaries, Diaries,6:107.36 . Ibid., 6:112. Diary entry for April 15, 1791.37 . Ibid., 6:113. Diary entry for April 16, 1791.38. Ibid., 112.39 . DiariesA, DiariesA,383. Diary entry for April 20, 1791.40 . PWP, PWP, 8:73-74. 8:73-74.41. Diaries, Diaries,6:120.42 . McCammant, George Was.h.i.+ngton the Mason, George Was.h.i.+ngton the Mason, 11. 11.43. Diaries, Diaries,6:128.44 . Chinard, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, xvi. xvi.45 . DiariesA, DiariesA, 385. Diary entry for May 3, 1791. 385. Diary entry for May 3, 1791.46 . Ibid., 385-86. Diary entry for May 5, 1791.47. Diaries, Diaries,6:125. 48 . PWP, PWP, 8:183. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 14, 1791. 8:183. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 14, 1791.49. DiariesA, DiariesA,387.50. Diaries, Diaries,6:142.51 . DiariesA, DiariesA,387. Diary entry for May 19, 1791.52 . Diaries, Diaries,6:154. Diary entry for June 2, 1791.53 . DiariesA, DiariesA,391. Diary entry for June 4, 1791.54 . PWP, PWP, 8:357-58. Letter to Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham, July 19, 1791. 8:357-58. Letter to Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham, July 19, 1791.55 . Ibid., 8:358. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.56 . Ibid., 8:415. Letter to William Moultrie, August 9, 1791.57 . Ibid., 8:327.

CHAPTER FIFTY-FOUR: RUNNING INTO EXTREMES.

1 . WWR, WWR,589. Letter to James McHenry, August 22, 1785.2 . Grant, John Adams, John Adams, 366. 366.3 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 294. 294.4 . Diaries, Diaries,6:87-88. Diary entry for July 8, 1790.5 . DiariesA, DiariesA,377. Diary entry for July 14, 1790.6 . PWP, PWP, 6:83. 6:83.7 . Jackman, "Young Englishman Reports."8 . PWCF, PWCF,5:359. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, October 9, 1787.9 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, Victory at Yorktown, 49. 49.10 . WWR, WWR,375. Letter to Joseph Reed, May 28, 1780.11 . PWCF, PWCF,6:137. Letter to James Madison, March 2, 1788.12 . WWR, WWR,683. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 19, 1788.13 . Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 234. 234.14 . Weber, Queen of Fas.h.i.+on, Queen of Fas.h.i.+on, 200. 200.15 . PWP, PWP, 5:241. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 17, 1790. 5:241. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 17, 1790.16. Ibid., 5:243.17 . WWR, WWR,746. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 13, 1789.18 . PWP, PWP, 4:567. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 12, 1790. 4:567. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 12, 1790.19 . Ibid., 6:231. Letter to Rochambeau, August 10, 1790.20 . Ibid., 6:233. Letter to Lafayette, August 11, 1790.21 . Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 263. 263.22 . PWP, PWP,6:317. Letter from Lafayette, August 23, 1790.23 . Nelson, Thomas Paine, Thomas Paine, 210. 210.24 . Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, 84. 84.25 . Nelson, Thomas Paine, Thomas Paine, 217. 217.26. Ibid., 216.27 . PWP, PWP,10:88.28 . Weber, Queen of Fas.h.i.+on, Queen of Fas.h.i.+on, 239. 239.29 . WWR, WWR,780. Letter to Lafayette, July 28, 1791.30 . Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 277 27731 . PWP, PWP, 8:24. "Agreement of the Proprietors of the Federal District," March 30, 1791. 8:24. "Agreement of the Proprietors of the Federal District," March 30, 1791.32 . Berg, Grand Avenues, Grand Avenues, 103. 103.33 . Bordewich, Was.h.i.+ngton, Was.h.i.+ngton, 73. 73.34 . PWP, PWP, 8:288. Letter from Pierre-Charles L'Enfant, June 22, 1791. 8:288. Letter from Pierre-Charles L'Enfant, June 22, 1791.35 . Ibid., 4:15. Letter from Pierre-Charles L'Enfant, September 11, 1789.36 . Berg, Grand Avenues, Grand Avenues, 103. 103.37 . MTV. "Early Descriptions Ante 1800."38 . WWR, WWR,785. Letter to Tobias Lear, October 14, 1791.39 . Ibid., 787. "Third Annual Message to Congress," October 25, 1791.40 . PWP, PWP, 9:239. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, November 30, 1791. 9:239. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, November 30, 1791.41 . Ibid., 245. Letter to Pierre-Charles L'Enfant, December 2, 1791.42 . Berg, Grand Avenues, Grand Avenues, 175. 175.43 . PWP, PWP,9:469. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, January 18, 1792.44 . Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 103. 103.45 . PWP, PWP, 10:18. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, March 4, 1792. 10:18. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, March 4, 1792.46 . Bordewich, Was.h.i.+ngton, Was.h.i.+ngton, 101. 101.47 . WWR, WWR,745. Letter to Arthur St.Clair, October 6, 1789.48 . Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 317. 317.49 . WWR, WWR, 768. Letter to Henry Knox 768. Letter to Henry Knox, November 19, 1790. November 19, 1790.50 . PWP, PWP, 8:275. 8:275.51 . Ibid., 360. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.52 . WWR, WWR,774. "To the Chiefs of the Seneca Nation," December 29, 1790.53 . Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 319. 319.54 . WWR, WWR,687. Letter to Richard Henderson, June 19, 1788.55 . Kohn, Eagle and Sword, Eagle and Sword, 115. 115.56 . Ibid.57 . Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 6:336. 6:336.58 . PWP, PWP, 9:275. 9:275.59 . Ibid., 10:71. "Thomas Jefferson's Memorandum of a Meeting of the Heads of the Executive Departments," March 9, 1792.60. Ibid., 10:156.61 . Kohn, Eagle and Sword, Eagle and Sword, 116. 116.62 . PWP, PWP, 9:505. 9:505.63 . Ibid., 10:169.64 . Ibid.65 . Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 322. 322.

CHAPTER FIFTY-FIVE: A TISSUE OF MACHINATIONS.

1 . PWP, PWP, 5:468. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790. 5:468. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, June 3, 1790.2 . Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 165. 165.3. Ibid., 173.4 . PWP, PWP, 8:185. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 15, 1791. 8:185. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 15, 1791.5 . Wilentz, Rise of American Democracy, Rise of American Democracy, 49. 49.6 . McDonald, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 92. 92.7 . Diaries, Diaries,6:12. Diary entry for January 22, 1790.8 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 266. 266.9 . Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 84. 84.10. Ibid., 87.11 . Ibid.12 . PWP, PWP, 8:359. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791. 8:359. Letter to David Humphreys, July 20, 1791.13 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 357. 357.14. Ibid., 358.15 . Ibid., 359.16 . Ibid.17. Ibid.18. Ibid., 380.19. Ibid., 381.20 . Ibid.21. Ibid., 382.22 . Fleming, "Wall Street's First Collapse."23 . PWP, PWP,5:355. Letter from Lund Was.h.i.+ngton, April 28, 1790.

24 . Berg, Grand Avenues, Grand Avenues, 188. 25 . 188. 25 . PWP, PWP, 9:483. Letter from "Anonymous," ca. January 1792. 9:483. Letter from "Anonymous," ca. January 1792.

26 . Ibid., 10:174. Letter from "Anonymous," March 1792.27. Ibid.28 . PWP, PWP, 10:6-7. "Thomas Jefferson's Memorandum of Conversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," March 1, 1792. 10:6-7. "Thomas Jefferson's Memorandum of Conversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," March 1, 1792.29. Ibid., 10:8.30 . Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 192. 192.31 . PWP, PWP, 10:8. "Thomas Jefferson's Memorandum of 10:8. "Thomas Jefferson's Memorandum ofConversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," March 1, 1792.32 . Ibid.33 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 400. 400.34 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 268. 268.35 . Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 362. 362.36 . PWP, PWP, 10:314. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, April 23, 1792. 10:314. Letter to Elizabeth Willing Powel, April 23, 1792.37 . Ibid., 10:349. "Madison's Conversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," May 5, 1792.38. Ibid., 10:350.39. Ibid., 10:352.40. Ibid., 10:351.41 . Ibid., 10:400. Letter to James Madison, May 20, 1792.42. Ibid., 10:401.43 . Brookhiser, Founding Father, Founding Father, 84. 84.44 . PWP, PWP, 10:410. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 23, 1792. 10:410. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 23, 1792.45. Ibid., 10:412.46 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 401. 401.47 . PWP, PWP, 10:479. Letter from James Madison, June 20, 1792. 10:479. Letter from James Madison, June 20, 1792.48 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 402. 402.49 . PWP, PWP, 10:535. "Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," July 10, 1792. 10:535. "Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," July 10, 1792.50. Ibid., 10:536.51 . Ibid., 558. Letter from Tobias Lear, July 21, 1792.52 . Ibid., 10:624. Letter from Tobias Lear, August 5, 1792.53 . Ibid., 10:631. Letter from Edmund Randolph, August 5, 1792.54 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 403. 403.55 . WWR, WWR,809. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 29, 1792.56. Ibid., 811.57 . PWP, PWP,10:594. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, July 30, 1792.58 . Ibid., 11:12-13. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, August 18, 1792.59 . Ibid., 11:45-46. Letter to Edmund Randolph, August 26, 1792.60 . WWR, WWR,819. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 26, 1792.61 . Ibid.62 . Ibid., 820.63 . Ibid., 818. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 23, 1792.64 . PWP, PWP, 11:92. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, September 9, 1792. 11:92. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, September 9, 1792.65 . Ibid.66 . Ibid., 11:104. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, September 9, 1792.67 . Ibid., 11:182. "Thomas Jefferson's Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," October 1, 1792.68. Ibid., 11:183.69 . Ibid.70 . Ibid. 11:183-84.71. Ibid., 11:184.72 . Ibid.73. Ibid., 11:185.74. Ibid.75 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 408. 408.76 . PWP, PWP,11:396. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, November 17, 1792.

CHAPTER FIFTY-SIX: CITIZEN GENET.

1 . PWP, PWP, 12:30. Letter to Henry Lee, January 20, 1793. 12:30. Letter to Henry Lee, January 20, 1793.2 . Ibid., 11:511. "Thomas Jefferson's Conversations with Was.h.i.+ngton," December 13, 1792.3 . Ibid., 13:472. Letter from William Gordon, August 17, 1793.4 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 424. 424.5 . PWCF, PWCF,6:355. Letter to Mathew Carey, June 25, 1788.6 . PWP, PWP, 11:245. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 20, 1792. 11:245. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 20, 1792.7 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 302. 302.8 . PWP, PWP, 12:106. "Thomas Jefferson's Notes on a Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," February 7, 1793. 12:106. "Thomas Jefferson's Notes on a Conversation with Was.h.i.+ngton," February 7, 1793.9 . Schiff, Great Improvisation, Great Improvisation, 406. 406.10 . Rosenfeld, American Aurora, American Aurora, 30. 30.11 . PWRT, PWRT,1:408. Letter to William Gordon, October 15, 1797.12 . WWF, WWF,17:225. Letter to Governor William Livingston, December 7, 1779.13 . PWP, PWP, 13:261. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793. 13:261. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793.14 . WWR, WWR,834-35. Letter to Frances Ba.s.sett Was.h.i.+ngton, February 24, 1793.15 . PWP, PWP,12:363. Letter to David Humphreys, March 23, 1793.16 . Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 217. 217.17 . PWP, PWP, 12:242. "Cabinet Opinion on the Administration of the Presidential Oath," March 1, 1793. 12:242. "Cabinet Opinion on the Administration of the Presidential Oath," March 1, 1793.18. Ibid., 12:265.19 . Ibid., 10:115-16. Letter from Lafayette, March 15, 1792.20 . Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 281. 281.21. Ibid., 285.22 . PWP, PWP, 11:205. Letter from Madame de Lafayette, October 8, 1792. 11:205. Letter from Madame de Lafayette, October 8, 1792.23 . Unger, Lafayette, Lafayette, 292. 292.24 . PWP, PWP, 12:331. Letter to Madame Lafayette, March 16, 1793. 12:331. Letter to Madame Lafayette, March 16, 1793.25 . Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 108-9. 108-9.26 . Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 189. 189.27. Ibid.28 . Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 339. 339.29 . WWF, WWF, 33:414. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, June 25, 1794. 33:414. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, June 25, 1794.30 . WWR, WWR,836. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, March 25, 1793.31 . Ibid., 837. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, April 12, 1793. 32 . PWP, PWP, 12:529. "Thomas Jefferson's Notes on a Cabinet Meeting," May 6, 1793. 12:529. "Thomas Jefferson's Notes on a Cabinet Meeting," May 6, 1793.33 . Ibid.34 . Ibid., 12:472-73. "Neutrality Proclamation," April 22, 1793.35 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 436. 436.36 . Adam Cohen, "Congress, the Const.i.tution and War," New York Times, New York Times, January 29, 2007. January 29, 2007.37 . Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 191. 191.38. Ibid., 188.39 . PWP, PWP, 11:593. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, January 6, 1793. 11:593. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, January 6, 1793.40 . Ibid., 12:393. "Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the Opinions Regarding the Reception of Edmond Genet," March 30, 1793.41 . Wills, Cincinnatus, Cincinnatus, 95. 95.42 . PWP, PWP, 12:648. 12:648.43. Ibid., 13:19.44 . Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 183. 183.45 . Burns and Dunn, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 125. 125.46 . PWP, PWP, 13:145. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, June 25, 1793. 13:145. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, June 25, 1793.47 . Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 192. 192.48 . Chinard, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, 105. 105.49 . PWP, PWP, 13:187. "Memorandum from Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox," July 8, 1793. 13:187. "Memorandum from Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox," July 8, 1793.50 . Chinard, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, George Was.h.i.+ngton as the French Knew Him, 105. 105.51 . PWP, PWP, 13:175. 13:175.52 . WWR, WWR,841. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793.53 . PWP, PWP, 13:211. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 11, 1793. 13:211. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 11, 1793.54 . WWR, WWR,841. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793. 55. 55. PWP, PWP, 13:392. "From Supreme Court Justices," August 8, 1793. 13:392. "From Supreme Court Justices," August 8, 1793.56. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 219. 219.57. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 346. 346.58. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 444. 444.59. Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 191. 191.60. Ketcham, James Madison, James Madison, 343. 343.61. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 445. 445.62. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 294. 294.63. PWP PWP 13:312. 13:312.64. Ibid.65. Ibid.66. Freeman, George Was.h.i.+ngton, George Was.h.i.+ngton, 7:131. 7:131.67. WWR, WWR,553. Letter to Benjamin Harrison, January 18, 1784.68. McDonald, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 132. 132.

CHAPTER FIFTY-SEVEN: BRING OUT YOUR DEAD.

1. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 347. 347.2. PWP, PWP, 13:297. Letter to Frances Ba.s.sett Was.h.i.+ngton, July 29, 1793. 13:297. Letter to Frances Ba.s.sett Was.h.i.+ngton, July 29, 1793.3. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 221. 221.4. Brady, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 198. 198.5. PWP, PWP, 14:54. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, September 9, 1793. 14:54. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, September 9, 1793.6. Maxey, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, 36. 36.7. PWP, PWP, 14:113. Letter from Henry Knox, September 18,1793. 14:113. Letter from Henry Knox, September 18,1793.8. WWF, WWF, 33:125. Letter to James Madison, October 14, 1793. 33:125. Letter to James Madison, October 14, 1793.9. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 452. 452.10. Unger, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, Unexpected George Was.h.i.+ngton, 222. 222.11. WWR, WWR, 848. "Fifth Annual Message to Congress," December 3, 1793. 848. "Fifth Annual Message to Congress," December 3, 1793.12. Bordewich, Was.h.i.+ngton, Was.h.i.+ngton, 105. 105.13. PWP, PWP, 10:562. Letter to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, July 23, 1792. 10:562. Letter to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, July 23, 1792.14. WWR, WWR, 815. Letter to Tobias Lear, July 30, 1792. 815. Letter to Tobias Lear, July 30, 1792.15. PWP, PWP, 12:250-51. Letter to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, March 3, 1793. 12:250-51. Letter to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, March 3, 1793.16. Bordewich, Was.h.i.+ngton, Was.h.i.+ngton, 151 15117. McCammant, George Was.h.i.+ngton the Mason, George Was.h.i.+ngton the Mason, 13. 13.18. WWF, WWF, 33:441. Letter to Thomas Sim Lee, July 25, 1794. 33:441. Letter to Thomas Sim Lee, July 25, 1794.19. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 143. 143.20. PWP, PWP, 11:489. Letter to Anthony Whitting, December 9, 1792. 11:489. Letter to Anthony Whitting, December 9, 1792.21. Ibid., 11:595. Letter to Anthony Whitting, January 6, 1793.22. Ibid., 12:339. Letter to Frances Ba.s.sett Was.h.i.+ngton, March 17, 1793.23. Ibid., 12:352. Letter from Anthony Whitting, March 20, 1793.24. Ibid., 13:108. Letter from Tobias Lear, June 19, 1793.25. Ibid., 13:263. Letter to William Tilghman, July 21, 1793.26. WWF, WWF,33:192. Letter to William Pearce, December 18, 1793.27. Ibid., 33:240. Letter to William Pearce, January 12, 1794.28. Ibid., 33:191. Letter to William Pearce, December 18, 1793.29. Ibid., 33:193.30. Ibid., 33:194.31. Ibid., 33:132. Letter to Governor Henry Lee, October 16, 1793.32. PWP PWP, 14:595-96. Letter to Hiland Crow, December 23, 1793.33. Wiencek, Imperfect G.o.d, Imperfect G.o.d, 125. 125.34. PWP PWP, 14:605. Letter to Henry McCoy, December 23, 1793.35. Ibid., 14:605-6.36. PWP PWP, 14:598-99. Letter to Thomas Green, December 23, 1793.37. PWP PWP, 14:597. Letter to John Christian Ehlers, December 23, 1793.38. WWR. WWR., 868. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 6, 1794.39. Ibid., 856. Letter to Arthur Young, December 12, 1793.40. Ibid., 852.41. Ibid, 1120. Letter to Arthur Young, November 9, 1794.42. Ibid., 868. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 6, 1794.43. Ibid., 900. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, November 23, 1794.44. Ibid.45. Ibid.46. PWP, PWP, 9:156. Letter to Charles Pinckney, November 8, 1791. 9:156. Letter to Charles Pinckney, November 8, 1791.47. Hochschild, Bury the Chains, Bury the Chains, 263. 263.48. Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, 100. 100.

CHAPTER FIFTY-EIGHT: HERCULES IN THE FIELD.

1. Brady, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, Martha Was.h.i.+ngton, 200. 200.2. Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 192. 192.3. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 453. 453.4. McDonald, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Presidency of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 137. 137.5. Ellis, American Creation, American Creation, 196. 196.6. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 454. 454.7. Nelson, Thomas Paine, Thomas Paine, 216. 216.8. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, Spur of Fame, 93. 93.9. Ellis, His Excellency: George Was.h.i.+ngton, His Excellency: George Was.h.i.+ngton, 150. 150.10. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 343. 343.11. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, 453. 453.12. WWR, WWR,1121.13. Ibid., 878. Letter to Henry Lee, August 26, 1794.14. Ibid., 952. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 6, 1796. July 6, 1796.15. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Was.h.i.+ngton, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Was.h.i.+ngton, 216. 216.16. Oren, "How to Deal with Pirates," Wall Street Journal, Wall Street Journal, November 22-23, 2008. November 22-23, 2008.17. Schama, Citizens, Citizens, 791. 791.18. PWP, PWP, 14:229. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 18, 1793. 14:229. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 18, 1793.19. Winik, Great Upheaval, Great Upheaval, 512. 512.20. Gilmour, "Liberty, Equality, Fratricide," New York Times Book Review, New York Times Book Review, May 7, 2006. May 7, 2006.21. Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers, Political Correspondence and Public Papers, 1:236. 1:236.22. WWF, WWF,33:310. Letter to Governor George Clinton, March 31, 1794.23. Wood, Empire of Liberty, Empire of Liberty, 196. 196.24. Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers, Political Correspondence and Public Papers, 1:177. 1:177.25. WWR, WWR,880. Letter to John Jay, August 30, 1794.26. WWF, WWF, 33:411. Letter to the Secretary of War, June 25, 1794. 33:411. Letter to the Secretary of War, June 25, 1794.27. Fields, "Worthy Partner," "Worthy Partner," 271. 271.28. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, Private Affairs of George Was.h.i.+ngton, 174. 174.29. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Was.h.i.+ngton Anniversary Committee, Memorandum for the Martha Was.h.i.+ngton Anniversary Committee, 16. 16.30. Callahan, Henry Knox, Henry Knox, 324. 324.31. WWR, WWR,893. "Sixth Annual Message to Congress," Novembe