Principles of Orchestration Part 21

The imperfect balance arising from the duplication of the middle note is compensated for by the mixture of timbres, which lends some unity to the chord.

_Examples of harmony in the bra.s.s:_

a) Independent chords:

_Snegourotchka_ [[74]]--3 Trombones, 2 Horns.

" [[140]]--3 Trombones, 2 Horns. Chords in different groups alternately (cf. Ex. 244).

" [[171]]--Full bra.s.s; further on 3 Trombones (cf. Ex. 97).

" [[255]]--4 Horns (stopped).

No. 129. _Snegourotchka_, before [[289]]--4 Horns.

" [[289]]--Full bra.s.s.

* _Sadko_, before [[9]]--Full bra.s.s (enclosure of parts).

No. 130. _Sadko_ [[175]]--Mixed timbres (juxtaposition) 3 Horns + 3 Trumpets.

" before [[338]]--Full bra.s.s except Tuba.

No. 131. " [[191-193]] (Full bra.s.s).

No. 132. _The Christmas Night_, before [[180]]--Full muted bra.s.s.

" " " [[181]]--4 Horns + 3 Trombones + Tuba (cf. Ex. 237).

* _The Tsar's Bride_ [[178]]--Strings and bra.s.s alternately (cf. Ex.

242).

* No. 133. _Tsar Saltan_ [[102]], 7th bar.--2 Trumpets, 2 Trombones + 4 Horns (juxtaposition).

" " [[230]]--Full bra.s.s, thickly scored (cf.

Table of chords No. II at the end of Vol. II, Ex. 12).

* _Servilia_ [[154]]--Various bra.s.s instruments.

* _Legend of Kitesh_ [[130]]--3 Trumpets, Trombone and Tuba.

No. 134. _Legend of Kitesh_ [[199]]--Short chords (juxtaposition).

* No. 135. _The Golden c.o.c.kerel_ [[115]]--Horns, Trombones (enclosure).

b) Harmonic basis:

No. 136. _Snegourotchka_ [[79]], 6th bar.--4 Horns.

" [[231]]--3 Trombones, soft and sweet (cf.

Ex. 8).

_Antar_ [[64-65]]--4 Horns; later 3 Trombones (cf. Ex. 32).

* _Sheherazade_, 1st movement, [[A]], [[E]], [[H]], [[K]], [[M]]--Harmonic bases of different power and timbre (cf. Ex. 192-195).

No. 137. _Servilia_ [[93]]--Full bra.s.s.

* No. 138. _Tsar Saltan_ [[127]]--4 muted Horns + 3 Trombones and Tuba _con sord. pp._

" " before [[147]]--Full bra.s.s _ff_ (the 2 Oboes and Eng. horn are of no particular importance).

* _Pan Voyevoda_ [[136]], 9th bar.--4 Horns, then Trombones, 2 Horns.

* No. 139. _Legend of Kitesh_ [[158]]--Trumpets, Trombones.

No. 140. " " " [[248]]--3 Trombones.

" " " before [[362]]--Full bra.s.s.

Harmony in combined groups.

A. Combination of wind and bra.s.s.

Wind and bra.s.s instruments may be combined by the method of placing a chord in one timbre side by side with the same chord in another timbre, or by any of the three methods already described: overlaying, crossing and enclosure of parts.

1. _In unison (juxtaposition or contrast of tone qualities)._

This cla.s.s of combination possesses the same features as combinations in the melodic line (cf. Chap. II). Wood-wind reinforces the bra.s.s, softens it and reduces its characteristic qualities. Arrangements such as the following are possible:

2 Trumpets + 2 Fl.; 2 Trumpets + 2 Ob.; 2 Trumpets + 2 Cl.

3 Trumpets + 3 Fl.; 3 Trumpets + 3 Ob.; 3 Trumpets + 3 Cl.

Also

[Music] etc.

as well as:

2 Horns + 2 f.a.g.; 2 Horns + 2 Cl.; 3 Horns + 3 f.a.g.; 3 Horns + 3 Cl.; and: 2 Horns + 2 f.a.g. + 2 Cl. etc.

The combinations 3 Trombones + 3 f.a.g., or 3 Trombones + 3 Cl. are very rare.

A chord scored for full bra.s.s doubled by the same chords scored for full wood-wind (in pairs) produces a magnificent and uniform tone.

_Examples:_