Principles of Orchestration Part 22

_Snegourotchka_ [[315]]--2 Horns + 2 Cl. and 2 Horns + 2 Ob. (cf. Ex.

236).

No. 141. _The Tsar's Bride_ [[50]]--4 Horns + 2 Cl., 2 f.a.g.

No. 142. " " " [[142]]--Juxtaposition of full wind and bra.s.s.

_Ivan the Terrible_, Act II [[30]]--Juxtaposition and enclosure (cf.

Table of chords II, Ex. 8).

No. 143. _The Christmas Night_ [[165]]--4 Horns + Fl., Cl., f.a.g.

* No. 144. _Sadko_, before [[79]]--Horn, Trumpet + doubled wood-wind.[15]

No. 145. " [[242]]--Full bra.s.s + Fl., Cl.

[Footnote 15: In the full score a misprint occurs in the clarinet part; it is corrected in the example. (Editor's note.)]

_Legend of Kitesh_, beginning--Horn, Trombones + Cl., f.a.g. (cf. also [[5]]--Ex. 249).

* No. 146. _Legend of Kitesh_ [[10]]--Eng. horn, 2 Cl., f.a.g. _legato_ + 4 Horns non legato.

" " " [[324]]--Full bra.s.s + wind.

* No. 147. _The Golden c.o.c.kerel_ [[233]]--Trumpets + Ob./Horn + Cl.]

8.

Stopped or muted notes in trumpets and horns resemble the oboe and Eng. horn in quality; the combination of these instruments produces a magnificent tone.

_Examples:_

No. 148. _Russian Easter Fete_, p. 11.--Horn (+), Trumpets (low register) + Ob., Cl.

* _The Christmas Night_, before [[154]]--Full muted bra.s.s + wind.

* No. 149. _Tsar Saltan_ [[129]]--2 Ob., Eng. horn, + 3 Trumpets muted (3 Cl. at the bottom).

* No. 150. " " [[131]] 17th bar.--Same combination with added horns.

* No. 151. _Antar_ [[7]]--Ob., Eng. horn, 2 f.a.g. + 4 Horns (+).

A beautiful dark tone is derived from the combination of middle notes in stopped horns and deep notes in the clarinet:

[Music]

If ba.s.soons are subst.i.tuted for clarinets the effect loses part of its character.

_Examples:_

* _Kashtche the Immortal_ [[29]], 11th bar,--2 Ob., 2 Cl. + 4 Horns (+).

" " " [[107]], 6th bar.--2 Cl., f.a.g. + 3 Horns (+).

* _The Christmas Night_, p. 249--Cl., f.a.g. + 3 Horns (+).

* _Mlada_, Act III [[19]]--3 Horns (+) + 3 f.a.g. and 3 Horns (+) + 3 Ob. (cf. Ex. 259).

2. _Overlaying (superposition), crossing, enclosure of parts._

It has already been stated that the ba.s.soon and horn are the two instruments best capable of reconciling the groups of wood-wind and bra.s.s. Four-part harmony given to two ba.s.soons and two horns, especially in soft pa.s.sages, yields a finely-balanced tone recalling the effect of a quartet of horns, but possessing slightly greater transparence. In _forte_ pa.s.sages the horns overwhelm the ba.s.soons, and it is wiser to employ four horns alone. In the former case crossing of parts is to be recommended for the purposes of blend, the concords being given to the horns, the discords to the ba.s.soons:

[Music] and not: [Music]

Ba.s.soons may also be written inside the horns, but the inverse process is not to be recommended:

[Music]

The same insetting of parts may be used for sustained trumpet notes in octaves. In soft pa.s.sages, thirds played in the low register of the flutes, sometimes combined with clarinets, produce a beautiful mysterious effect between trumpets in octaves. In a chain of consecutive chords it is advisable to entrust the stationary parts to the bra.s.s, the moving parts to the wood-wind.

Clarinets, on account of their tone quality should rarely be set inside the horns, but, in the upper register, and in the higher harmonic parts, a chord of four horns, (_piano_), may be completed by clarinets as effectively as by oboes or flutes; the ba.s.soon may then double the base an octave below:

[Music]

Played _forte_, the horns are more powerful than the wood-wind; balance may be established by doubling the upper harmonic parts:

[Music]

_Examples:_

a) Superposition.

* _Sadko_, Symphonic Tableau [[1]], [[9]]--Fl., Ob., Cl., Horn (basis).

" before [[14]]--2 Fl., Cl., Horns.

" final chord--Fl., Cl., Horn.

* _Antar_ [[22]]--Fl., Cl., Horns (basis).

No. 152. _Antar_ [[56]]--3 Fl., 4 Horns (basis).

* _Snegourotchka_ [[300]]--Full wind and horns.

* _Sheherazade_--Final chords of 1st and 4th movements.

* _Russian Easter Fete_ [[D]]--Fl., Cl., Horn; later trumpets and trombones in juxtaposition (cf. Ex. 248).

* No. 153. _The Christmas Night_ [[212]], 10th bar.--Wind and Horns; trumpets and trombones added later.

" " " [[215]] 3 Fl. + 3 Cl./3 Horns] 8.