Some Jewish Witnesses For Christ Part 19

KRONHEIM, Joseph Nathaniel, a native of Magdeburg and son of wealthy parents. In his youth he led a restless life, served as a soldier under Napoleon I. in his Russian campaign, and then was schoolmaster in Magdeburg, where he bought a New Testament, to teach moral principles from it. The rabbi, on hearing of this, dissolved the school. He then came to England and made the acquaintance of Bishop Alexander, who preached the Gospel to him. He then took more time to investigate the question at issue between Judaism and Christianity, travelling in the country to sell optical instruments, till he came to the Rev. Wyndham Madden, of Woodhouse Parsonage, near Huddersfield, by whom he was further instructed and baptized in 1832. In 1835 he settled as optician in Belfast. A year later the friends of the Jews there, observing his Christian character, ability, and great Biblical knowledge, asked him to give up his business and become an agent of the Belfast Auxiliary Society, which he did, though he was then sixty years old. Through him a lively interest was awakened in Ireland for the cause of missions among the Jews. He laboured there for seventeen years, and died in 1852.

KRoNIG, Rev. Joshua Charles Solomon, heard the Gospel in Paris from the L.J.S. missionary Markheim, and was baptized by him in 1857, in the chapel of Lewis Way, when Lord Shaftesbury was one of the sponsors.

After doing good work in London as a city missionary, he studied theology at King's College, was ordained by the Archbishop of York, 1871-1872, and was appointed by trustees to the Vicarage of St.

Barnabas, Hull, where he laboured for the rest of his life as a faithful minister of the Gospel to his congregation and missionary to his own people, esteemed and beloved by them both. In 1875 he opened a reading-room for Jews, which he called a "Beth hamedrash," in which he placed one of his own converts as house-father. In 1881 he bought a house for this purpose, on which he placed the inscription, "The doors of Zion, house for studying G.o.d's Word." In 1884, he told a pathetic story of a Jew who was a blasphemer, but whom the power of the Gospel converted and regenerated, so that he became his a.s.sistant in the work of the mission. Kronig was much sought after as a deputation.

KROPVELD, Rev. E., Pastor at Abla.s.serdam in Holland and Secretary of the Dutch Reformed Church Mission to the Jews. He was brought up in strict Jewish orthodoxy. Starting in life in a merchant's office and living carelessly, he one day had a conversation with a Christian peasant, who a.s.sured him that he was certain of entering at last into the heavenly Canaan. This made a deep impression upon him, and he began to live in stricter conformity with Judaism. At the age of seventeen he heard the L.J.S. missionary Pauli preach, and felt the power of the Gospel message, which led to his being baptized. He then became a colporteur of religious books, when he suffered much from his friends, yet lived so economically that he managed to save sufficient money to enable him to study for the ministry. He then became Pastor in Rundem, Minnertsga, and at last in Abla.s.serdam. He wrote several books in relation to the Jews.

KUH, Christian Daniel, a merchant in Breslau, having been convinced of the truth of Christianity, was baptized in the Evangelical Church at Breslau in 1805. The result was that his wife and three children, his brother-in-law Hans August Fisher, and his fiancee followed his example.

KUNERT, Rev. Karl, was born on May 25th, 1870, at Krotoschin, in Posen, one of the Prussian provinces. Of his history he says:--"My father was a furrier, who, in the family of his grandfather, a rabbi at Breslau, received not only the usual superficial knowledge of Judaism, but at the same time a truly orthodox education, and, as a pious Jew, he took good care that the laws of his people should be strictly kept by his whole family.

"I was named Karl, after this great grandfather, and I was expected to follow his profession likewise. As far as I can remember, I a.s.sisted at Divine service every morning and evening from about the third year of my life, and from the age of four I joined in the prayers whenever they were offered. Nor were the other branches of my education in any way neglected. Being able to read and write when quite a little boy of five, I became well versed in the history of my people and country. When nine years of age I was sent to the college of my native town, and later on, when my parents removed to Breslau, I visited the Catholic college of that town, but at the same time the Jewish school. It was at this period of my life that I got a very strong antipathy to Christ and His adherents. Is that to be wondered at? All I saw was the thoughtless wors.h.i.+p of Popish idols. And then, the greater evil to my young soul was wrought by my fellow-pupils, who, though educated in the Catholic faith, nevertheless found much pleasure in laughing at each new thought or religious exercise, and spent much time in reading all kinds of immoral books.

"I was very fond of reading, and in the memorable year 1885, the Lord led me to purchase the New Testament. There was a certain sacristan at Breslau who sold the books and tracts of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and often on Sundays, about dinner time, I went to see him and to buy books to read. In this way I came into possession of the New Testament in Greek, German and French. But the sacristan never uttered a word in favour of the Gospel, and I thought him a very greedy man who sold Christian books for the only purpose of gaining money. Such behaviour in a professing Christian, together with the sad experiences in my school-time, made me an embittered enemy of Christ and His Church.

During my time at college I visited the University and the Rabbinic Seminary, in order to prepare myself for the chosen profession of a Rabbi. The bitter hatred of all who confessed Christ grew more and more intense, and at last, I triumphantly delivered a public lecture at Berlin against Christianity.

"But already, at the time of my visiting the Rabbinic Seminary, I felt an inner restlessness, and even when I changed theological studies for other pursuits, this uneasiness would not quit me. I used to perform the Jewish law with a still greater zeal, notwithstanding that the inner voice told me most distinctly that I was wrong and would never find true happiness in this way. I could speak to no one about this conflict of my soul. The Jews did not understand me, and Christian people I most heartily despised.

"I then resolved to go to Paris, firmly believing that new surroundings would restore my peace of mind, and I felt I must conquer the heartfelt unrest at any rate. But on the very day of my arrival in Paris I took the train for Antwerp, and the next morning found me wandering about the streets of that town in dread despair. At length I resolved to return home, and that once more at Berlin I would seek rest in work. But in vain. I wandered under the old trees of the Tiergarten for long hours wrestling with my G.o.d, whom I was willing to serve, but after my own fas.h.i.+on as a Jew. I would not yield, and though I was hardly able to bear this inward conflict longer, I still went on with praying in public on the Day of Atonement.

"At the close of November, 1898, my anxiety grew so strong that I resolved to start for Altona, in order to be thoroughly instructed about Christianity, in a mission house. n.o.body had told me of such an inst.i.tution, but by chance I learned of its existence from one of its former inmates. The 26th of November, 1898, found me at Hamburg. But still the old Adam would not yield, and I never entered the mission house till the utmost need forced me to go and see the Rev. A. Frank. He received me most kindly, and was willing to give me shelter in the house, but told me that, like all other inmates, I would have to engage in manual labour. I most gladly agreed to this, and I became a pupil of the mission on December 1st.

"Far from the noise and influence of the world I first met my Saviour in all His glory. There was no question now about justification by performing Moses' laws; His light made me see my sins in all their awfulness, and I broke down crying, 'My punishment is greater than I can bear' (Gen. iv. 13). But soon Divine love made me sing, 'My life is preserved' (Gen. x.x.xii. 30), and all my heart went out to my Saviour who had done so much for me. I was baptized on April 23rd by Pastor Aston.

For a short time after I stayed at Hamburg as a private teacher, and the Lord's blessing was with me; but I was soon asked by our dear Pastor Dworkowicz if I would be willing to work as missionary to the Jews, and he felt I might be of service at Konigsberg. Circ.u.mstances at the beginning of 1901 made my way clear. I knew then that it was after my Saviour's will that I should enter upon this work; so I applied to the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews, and I was accepted on June 9th, on the recommendation of Pastors Dworkowicz, Aston and Frank, of Hamburg. I commenced work there under the direction of the first named, but on March 15, 1902, I started for Konigsberg, in order to labour in that city for the glory of G.o.d my Saviour. 'The Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are glad' (Ps. cxxvi. 3)."

LANDSMAN, Daniel, was living in Jerusalem about 1870, maintaining himself by his handiwork as a strict, pious Jew. Whenever the L.J.S.

missionary Stern met him he used to preach Christ crucified to him, so that at last he, in a pa.s.sion, a.s.saulted Stern violently, but at length was conquered by the Gospel, and then became his best friend. After his baptism in the Holy City he witnessed for Christ there before the Jews for some time. Then a position as a.s.sistant missionary was offered him in the Scotch Presbyterian mission at Constantinople, where he zealously laboured for seventeen years, and Ba.s.sin, afterward a missionary was one of those in whose conversion he was instrumental. He then emigrated to the United States, and was appointed by the Lutheran Synod at Missouri as missionary in New York about 1883, where he was blessed in his efforts to win souls for the Kingdom of G.o.d. He wrote the following tracts, partly in Hebrew and Yiddish, "Jeshua Sar ha Panim"; "Jeshua ha Nozri ist der Messiah Emeth," "Memra," "Shabbath Feiertage und Beschneidung"; "Was sagen die Rabbinere uber Maschiah"; "Was sagt die Kabbalah, &c., uber die Dreieinigkeit Gottes," 1888.

LASERON, Dr. Michael Maximilian August Heinrich, born in Konigsberg, 1819, died in London, 1894. His father was a rabbi, but died on the same day, as his mother, when he was only seven years old. Laseron was then brought up by bigoted relations, who were not very kind to him. Owing to this he had no great love for the Jews, but rather sought after Christians, from whom he learned to know the Lord Jesus as his Saviour.

He did not conceal his convictions, but told his relatives that he had a desire to become a Christian. Thereupon they so illtreated him that his life was in danger; so when he was seventeen, he escaped on foot to Frankfort, enduring great hards.h.i.+p on the way. Then he was instructed and baptized by Pastor Keimers, but he could not remain in Frankfort on account of persecution by the Jews, so he went to Basel. Scarcely had he arrived there, when he got very ill, and the wife of the missionary, a lady by the name of Haslen, nursed him till he recovered. Friends in Switzerland recommended him to the L.J.S., and he was for a time in the Operative Jewish Converts' Inst.i.tution, Palestine Place. Then he entered as a student the newly-founded Missionary Training College of the British Jews' Society, and remained there over two years. However, though he was interested in the Jewish mission, and took practical part in the same, yet he felt that he was called to be a medical man, and the Committee allowed him to leave in 1849. Thereupon he went to Erlangen and studied medicine, and at the same time practised h.o.m.oeopathy privately. Laseron then returned to London, and was a successful pract.i.tioner. Settling at Edmonton in 1854, he there lost his eldest child. This was the occasion for a call to a great enterprise of faith which bore glorious fruit. The bereaved parents noticing in the street poor, half-starved children, resorted to prayer and then resolved to establish an asylum for poor children where they could receive a good education. An Irish lady hearing of it, sent him 3; with this encouragement he hired a house, appointed a teacher, and opened the school in 1856, having sixteen scholars on the fore-noon of the first day and more in the afternoon. He also built a chapel. In a few months the school was so full that he could not admit any more children. Then he opened evening cla.s.ses and services on Sunday, which were attended by 150 persons, who seldom went to a place of wors.h.i.+p. In answer to earnest prayer Dr. Laseron received small and large, and even very large, gifts of money for his work in a most remarkable manner, often from people who were entire strangers to him, notably the brothers Samuel and John Morley supported him very generously, so that he was enabled to establish the Evangelical Protestant Deaconesses' Training Inst.i.tution at Tottenham, now called The Prince of Wales's General Hospital. Dr.

Laseron reached the age of 75, and before his departure he asked a friend to write to his children in Australia--"I thank G.o.d that I am surrounded by such as love me and Him."

LASERON, Rev. David, came to Edinburgh from Germany, and maintained himself there by giving lessons in German and in Hebrew. He had also Christian pupils who visited him when he was sick and from whose young lips he first heard of the great Physician of souls. After his baptism in 1844 he was sent as a missionary to Cochin, where he established schools for heathen and Jewish children. In 1852, these schools were attended by 16 white Jewish boys, 112 black Jewish boys and 24 girls.

Laseron baptized one Jew there by the name of Jehil Benjamin, in 1849.

He was recalled home in 1855, owing to some disagreement with his colleague.

La.s.sON, Adolf, born in Alt Strelitz, 1859, embraced Christianity while he was tutor of Philosophy in the University of Berlin. He wrote the following works: "Fichte uber das Verhaltniss von Staat und Kirche,"

Berlin, 1863; "Meister Eckhardt der Mystiker," 1878; "Das Cultur ideal und der Krieg," 1868; "Principien der Zukunft des Volkesrechts," 1871.

In reference to religion, he belonged to the evangelical party in the German Church. The year of his baptism is not known.

LAUB, P. B., born in the Bukowina, Austria, and received a strictly orthodox Jewish education. Receiving a New Testament from some one, he became convinced of the truth of Christianity, and then went to London, where he came in contact with the writer, who recommended him to the Operative Jewish Converts' Inst.i.tution, but he soon left for Stuttgart, and was baptized by Gottheil there. He then studied at Basel, but wis.h.i.+ng to devote his life to the Jewish Mission, he went to the Inst.i.tutum Delitzschianum, in Leipzig, to prepare himself for future work. In 1889, he went to a.s.sist Mr. Flad in Tunis, and then was called by the French, and afterwards by the Swiss Missionary Society to be their missionary in Alsace.

LAURIA, Rabbi Elieser, was one of several Rabbis who became Christians in Jerusalem in the first half of the nineteenth century. He was baptized by Bishop Alexander in 1843, whereupon he was forced by the Jewish authorities to divorce his wife, who was sent by them back to Russia. She, however, returned to him in 1846, and in the next year she too made a public confession of her faith in our Saviour. Henceforth she a.s.sisted her husband in winning souls, and they laboured together at Cairo, until her death of cholera in 1849. Lauria opened a mission school there in 1850. He was much esteemed, even by the rabbis, and he circulated the Scriptures as far as Arabia, and the mission was not without results.

LAZARUS, Joshua George, was baptized with his wife and two children in Liverpool, under the ministry of Rev. H. S. Joseph. In 1842, he became his a.s.sistant there and in Manchester. In 1851, Lazarus reported that sixty-eight Jews had been baptized since he entered upon his labours in the two cities. He retired on account of feeble health in 1853, and died in 1869.

LEBERT, Herman, M.D. (Levy), born 1813, died 1878. He as a Christian doctor was very distinguished. Friedrich Wilhelm IV. bestowed upon him the gold medal for Art and Science. He became Professor of Medicine in Breslau, 1859. His literary works are: "Anatomie Pathologique generale et speciale," 2 vols., 1854-62, for which the Parisian Academy gave him the prize. "Handbuch der Practischen Medicin," 2 vols., 1859.

LEBRECHT, Abraham (Herz), born at Gross-Glogau Germany, 1706. At the age of seventeen both his parents died, and his relatives sent him to a Jewish high school at Prague. In 1739, he was a teacher at Belgrade, and when the Turks captured the city, they sold him and Newman, son of a Lutheran pastor, with many others, as slaves. The master tempted Newman to sin, but he resisted, and was cruelly beaten. The master then tried to make him yield through the medium of Herz, but Newman said to him: "I cannot offend my Lord Jesus, and would rather die than commit sin." This made a strong impression upon the young Jew, and henceforth he became very anxious about the state of his soul, and the other preached to him the good tidings of salvation through Christ. Newman died from the stripes he had received, and Herz was sold to Hads.h.i.+ Mustapha, who brought him to Smyrna in 1741. There the Jewish community bought his release, presented him with sixteen ducats, and sent him to Constantinople, whence he made his way back to Germany, where in various ways he experienced the lovingkindness of G.o.d. Twice when he was in great despair, and was about to commit suicide, he was providentially saved and brought to his senses by Christians, who had come to him at the right moment. In his wanderings he visited Friedrich Augusti, the well-known convert, who had had similar trials. Finally, he was baptized on Whitsunday, 1744, when he a.s.sumed the name of Lebrecht (Live right), and refused to receive a present from his sponsors, which it was the custom to give. He then lived as a consistent Christian to the age of 70, and died in 1776. This extract is taken by Pastor de le Roi from Lebrecht's autobiography, which closes with a prayer for the conversion of Israel.

LEDERER, Gideon R., born in 1804. As the son of a rabbi he was educated in strict rabbinical orthodoxy, and for a time was a rabbi himself. He and his wife were converted under the ministry of the early Scotch missionaries, and afterwards a.s.sisted them to spread the Gospel in Hungary. In 1853, he came to London, but soon after went to New York, where he laboured for the rest of his days, as a humble city missionary, with much blessing. He edited a periodical ent.i.tled, "The Israelite Indeed," and the writer knew him as such an one himself.

LEENER, de Louis, a Dutch convert of the nineteenth century, was a respected author. Among his works are these--(1) "Ben Onie, Tafereelen uit het dagboek van een tot het Christendom bekeerden Israelit," (2) "De waarde vrouw in Israel," (3) "De Nederlandsche jood," (4) "Ons Pascha,"

Amsterdam, 1865-70.

LEHRS, Karl, was born in Konigsberg in 1802, and died 1878. It is recorded that while studying in Berlin he became a Christian from conviction, and was baptized in 1822. A number of his relatives were influenced by him for Christianity. He was a cla.s.sical teacher in several schools, and then Professor at the University of Konigsberg. He published a book of considerable merit under the t.i.tle, "De Aristarchi Studiis Homericis," 1833; "Questiones Epicae," 1837; "Pindars-scholien,"

1873.

LEIBNISTH, Samuel, born 1823, was a Jewish teacher, and after his conversion, about 1868, devoted his leisure to voluntary missionary work among the Jews in Germany. In 1874, he was appointed missionary at Elberfeld, where he died in 1882.

LEITNER, H. C., was won for the Master by the Rev. C. A. Schonberger. He laboured at Constantinople as a very able teacher in the Scotch mission schools for many years.

LEITNER, Dr. M., born at Pesth in 1800, studied medicine and settled as a pract.i.tioner at Broussa in Turkey. Having come into possession of a New Testament, he read it carefully, and was converted and baptized in 1844. He then gave up his lucrative position and devoted his life to missionary work. He was the L.J.S. medical missionary at Constantinople from 1853 to 1861, when he died of fever.

LEO, Dr., a physician in Warsaw, after having had intercourse with the L.J.S. missionaries for eight years, became fully convinced of the truth of the Gospel, and was baptized with his family in 1831.

LEONHARD, Friedrich Conrad, a convert in the latter half of the eighteenth century, published a dialogue under the t.i.tle, "Erweis da.s.s die Rabbinen Schnurstracks wider da.s.s Gesetz Moses lehren, Aus den Kirchengesetzbuchern der heutigen Juden gefuhrt," with a preface by Pastor Siegmund Morl, Nurnberg, 1781.

LESSMAN, Daniel, was born in Soldin (Brandenburg), 1794, studied medicine in Berlin, was wounded in the war, baptized in 1824, he became a great author, novelist, biographer and poet.

LEVI, Jacob, a native of Smyrna, according to the report of Dr.

Buchanan, heard the Gospel from a C.M.S. missionary. He then bought a New Testament and studied it with the intention of refuting the arguments of the missionary, and for this purpose he translated it into Hebrew, but the result was that he became a believer and preached Christ to Jews, Mohammedans and Christians.

LEVI, Jacob, baptized by the missionaries Lewis and Hartley at Athens, about 1840-1. Was cast into prison by the Rabbis ten times. In the prison at Casanegra, he was bastinadoed and kept six months, but he declared if he was there a thousand years he would still confess that Jesus was the true Messiah.

LEVI, Dr. Leone, was born in Ancona, 1802, and settled in England. An article of his in the "Liverpool Alb.u.m," in 1849, occasioned the establishment of the Chamber of Commerce, of which he became secretary.

He joined the Presbyterian Church, was author of "Commercial Laws, their Principles and Administration," 1850-52; "Wages and Earnings of the Working Cla.s.ses," 1867; "History of British Commerce and of the Economic Progress of the British Nation," 1863-70. He became professor of political economy at King's College in 1862; barrister in Lincoln's Inn, 1859; D.L. of Tubingen, 1861: and died in 1888.

LEVIEN, Edward, was born in 1818, of highly respectable Jewish parents, nearly related to the distinguished Goldsmids. His parents returned to the true faith, and were baptized and admitted into the Church of England, with their children, when the latter were yet of tender age. He was educated at Shrewsbury Grammar School, under Drs. Butler and Kennedy, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took honours in cla.s.sics. In that department he filled a professor's chair at Glasgow.

His great skill in ancient ma.n.u.scripts, and intimate acquaintance with historical lore commended him, in 1850, to an important post in the MSS.

department of the British Museum. This post he held for nearly a quarter of a century, with advantage to the public and credit to himself. He was also honorary secretary of the British Archaeological a.s.sociation, to which he rendered essential service in promoting its prosperity, in various ways, literary and otherwise. His loss to that a.s.sociation was as keenly felt by their Committee as by his most intimate friends. The catalogue of the British Museum has several pages devoted to his literary productions.

LEVINSOHN, Hessel, a brother of the next named, who together with his parents had anathematized Isaac on account of his supposed apostasy, was in the first place influenced by him through correspondence, not to pa.s.s such a harsh judgment upon himself. Then, when he came to England, he was gradually won by him and other Hebrew Christians to read the New Testament, and to search the Scriptures earnestly, until he too could publicly confess that Jesus was his own Redeemer. He afterward became a missionary of the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel amongst the Jews.

LEVINSON, Rev. Isaac, was born in Kovno (Russia), in 1855. His father was a pious man, and used to fast every Monday and Thursday. When Isaac was five years old, his father himself taught him Hebrew, and then sent him to school, where he made rapid progress in learning, so that at the age of eight he could read the Pentateuch with the Targum and Ras.h.i.+'s commentary. Henceforth he studied mostly the Talmud, in which he felt no delight nor even satisfaction, especially when at thirteen years of age he became bar mitsvah (confirmed), and began to realize responsibility for his sins. This caused him to lay aside the doctrines of men, and to study more diligently the Word of G.o.d. In 1871 he took leave of his parents, and after much hards.h.i.+p and G.o.d's loving care on the journey, arrived in London, September 19th, with the intention to go from there to America or Australia. But just as he landed he was robbed of the little baggage he possessed, and a kind Jew took him to his house, with whom he spent the Day of Atonement. Subsequently he once pa.s.sed by the L.J.S. Chapel at Palestine Place, and noticed a Hebrew inscription on the front. Thinking it was a synagogue he entered, and was surprised to find that it was a Christian place of wors.h.i.+p, where the prayers were said in Hebrew. He listened to the service, and after it was over, a Hebrew Christian spoke to him, and told him that he had found peace in believing in Jesus as the Messiah. This was exactly what Isaac was searching for. He then made the acquaintance of Dr. Stern, was instructed and baptized by him, and entered the Operative Jewish Converts' Inst.i.tution. After a time Levinson was for some years a clerk in the R.T.S., where he made good use of his time in preparing himself for studying in Spurgeon's College. He was then ordained to the Baptist ministry, and was engaged by the British Society as deputational secretary, in which capacity he laboured zealously and ably for some years, until he was called to succeed the late Rev. John Dunlop, as chief secretary of the same Society.

LEVY, Benjamin, was the son of Moses Levy, one of a well-known firm of s.h.i.+powners in London. When he was quite a young man he set up in business as a clothier and draper in Holborn. Subsequently he removed to Sunderland, where he spent the last forty-two years of his life; and so greatly did he prosper that he opened branches of his business in s.h.i.+elds, Stockton, Middlesborough, West Hartlepool and Barrow in Furness. His admission by baptism into the Church of Christ took place when he was twenty-six years old. Before then he had drifted away from the moorings of the synagogue, and then soon followed his total neglect of all religious observance, and all belief in the Bible. It was at this crisis in his religious life that he was brought under decidedly Christian influences. He came in contact with a clergyman of the Church of England, who led him to accept Christ and Him crucified; after which he ever remained a faithful follower of the Lord Jesus, and a promoter of Christian work. He became Warden of St. Thomas', Sunderland, for which Church he did a great deal. He was elected member of the Town Council of Bishopwearmouth in 1861, and in 1871 he was made Alderman of the Sunderland Ward; had he lived longer, he would have attained the chief civil dignity there. His funeral was attended by the whole Town Council in its official capacity. He left a family of four sons and five daughters, all of whom were doing well at that time.

LEVY, Philip, was converted in England, at the beginning of the eighteenth century. He published an English, Hebrew, and Chaldee Grammar in 1705, at Oxford.

LEWALD, f.a.n.n.y, daughter of a Jewish banker at Konigsberg, and born 1811, became a member of the Evangelical Church by baptism in 1828. She is distinguished as a great auth.o.r.ess. Her works comprise twelve vols., six of them under the t.i.tle, "Meine Lebens Geschichte" (Autobiography), Berlin, 1871-75. She died at the age of 78, in 1889.

LEWIS, Dr. de Leno, was editor of "Israel's Watchman," at Baltimore, 1888.

LICHTENSTEIN, George Philipp (Susskind Mayer), was born at Frankfort in 1606, and became a Christian through intercourse with pious Christians, and through hearing Christian hymns.

LICHTENSTEIN, Jacob, the brother of the above, born in 1826, became a more famous pastor and theologian. He published "Das Leben unsers Herrn," Erlangen, 1855; "Prufet alles und das Gute behaltet," 1870. He died in 1875.

LICHTENSTEIN, Jehiel Zebi (Hershensohn), was born at Ja.s.sy, in 1831, and brought up in Bessarabia, among the Cha.s.sidim and Kabbalists. Having received a New Testament at Ja.s.sy, he studied it diligently, and being convinced that Jesus was the Messiah, he baptized himself in a river in 1855. In 1868, he published a Kabbalistic book, ent.i.tled, "Limude hanebiim," in which he tried to show that the teaching of the Kabbalah and of the New Testament are identical. In 1872, he came to London and was baptized by Dr. Stern. He then a.s.sisted for a short time Mr.