The English Language Part 11

_ju_=_y_ or _eo_ A. S.; _rjucht_, _ryth_, _right_--_frjund_, _freond_, _friend_. {51}

_Dsz_=A. S. _cg_; Fr. _sedza_, _lidzja_; A. S. _secgan_, _licgan_; Engl. _to say_, _to lie_.

_Tz_, _ts_, _sz_, _sth_=A. S. _c_ or _ce_; as _szereke_, or _sthereke_, Frisian; _cyrice_ A. S., _church_ Engl.; _czetel_ Fr., _cytel_ A. S., _kettle_ English.

_ch_ Fr.=_h_ A. S., as _thjach_ Fr., _eoh_ A. S., _thigh_ Engl.--_berch_, _beorh_, _hill_ (berg)--_dochter_, _dohtor_, _daughter_, &c.

As a general statement we may say, that in the transition letters the Frisian corresponds with the A. S. more closely than it does with any other language. It must, moreover, be remarked, that, in such pairs of words as _frjund_ and _freond_, the difference (as far at least as the _e_ and _j_ are concerned) is a mere difference of orthography. Such also is probably the case with the words _ded_ and _daed_, and many others.

The Anglo-Saxon inflection of ^a) Substantives ending in a vowel, ^b) Substantives ending in a consonant, ^c) Adjectives with an indefinite ^d) Adjectives with a definite sense, ^e) Verbs Active ^f) and verbs auxiliar, may be seen in the comparison between the A. S. and the Icelandic. The corresponding inflections in Frisian are as follows:--

(_a_).

_Substantives ending in a vowel._

_Neuter._ _Masculine._ _Feminine._

_Sing. Nom._ are (_an ear_) Campa (_a champion_) Tunge (_a tongue_).

_Acc._ are Campa Tunga.

_Dat._ ara Campa Tunga.

_Gen._ ara Campa Tunga.

_Plur. Nom._ ara Campa Tunga.

_Acc._ ara Campa Tunga.

_Dat._ aron Campon Tungon.

_Gen._ arona Campona Tungona.

(_b_).

_Substantives ending in a consonant._

_Neuter._ _Feminine._

_Sing. Nom._ Skip (_a s.h.i.+p_) Hond (_a hand_).

_Acc._ Skip Hond.

{52} _Dat._ Skipe Hond.

_Gen._ Skipis Honde.

_Plur. Nom._ Skipu Honda.

_Acc._ Skipu Honda.

_Dat._ Skipum Hondum (-on).

_Gen._ Skipa Honda.

With respect to the masculine substantives terminating in a consonant, it must be observed that in A. S. there are two modes of declension; in one, the plural ends in _-s_; in the other, in _-a_. The specimen in -- 83 represents the first of these modes only. From this the Frisian is essentially different. With the second it has a close alliance; _e.g._:--

_Saxon._ _Frisian._

_Sing. Nom._ Sunu (_a son_) Sunu.

_Acc._ Sunu Sunu.

_Dat._ Suna Suna.

_Gen._ Suna Suna.

_Plur. Nom._ Suna Suna.

_Acc._ Suna Suna.

_Dat._ Sunum Sunum.

_Gen._ Sunena (Sunena).

(_c_).

_Indefinite Declension of Adjectives._

_Neuter._ _Masculine._ _Feminine._ _Sing. Nom._ G.o.d G.o.d G.o.d.

_Acc._ G.o.d G.o.dene G.o.de.

_Dat._ G.o.da (-um) G.o.da (-um). G.o.dere.

_Gen._ G.o.des G.o.des G.o.dere.

_Plur. Nom._ G.o.de G.o.de G.o.de.

_Acc._ G.o.de G.o.de G.o.de.

_Dat._ G.o.dum (-a) G.o.dum (-a) G.o.dum (-a).

_Gen._ G.o.dera G.o.dera G.o.dera.

(_d_).

_Definite._

_Neuter._ _Masculine._ _Feminine._ _Sing. Nom._ G.o.de G.o.da G.o.de.

_Acc._ G.o.de G.o.da G.o.da.

{53} _Dat._ G.o.da G.o.da G.o.da.

_Gen._ G.o.da G.o.da G.o.da.

_Plur. Nom._ G.o.da G.o.da G.o.da.

_Acc._ G.o.da G.o.da G.o.da.

_Dat._ G.o.da (-on) G.o.da (-on) G.o.da (-on).

_Gen._ G.o.da (-ona) G.o.da (-ona) G.o.da (-ona).

(_e_).

_The Persons of the Present Tense._

_Indicative Mood._

_Sing._ 1. Berne _I burn._ 2. Bernst _Thou burnest._ 3. Bernth _He burns._ _Plur._ 1. Bernath _We burn._ 2. Bernath _Ye burn._ 3. Bernath _They burn._

In the inflection of the verbs there is between the Frisian and A. S. this important difference. In A. S. the infinite ends in _-an_ _macian_, to make, _laeran_, to learn, _baernan_, to burn; whilst in Frisian it ends in _-a_, as _maka_, _lera_, _berna_.

(_f_).

_The Auxiliar Verb_ Wesa, _To Be_.

_Indicative._

_Present._ _Past._