Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary Part 11

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

=*Antipyrina (Antipyr.), Antipyrine, U.S.P.= (Phenazone, Phenyldimethylpyrazolon).

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

ACTION AND USES: Antipyretic and a.n.a.lgesic, similar to acetanilid.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution, given with even greater caution than acetanilid and acetphenetidin

=Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F.= (Celery Seed).

ACTION AND USES: Domestic emmenagogue, depending for its action on the volatile oil.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of Celery Fruit, N.F._--Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F.= (Canadian Hemp).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group; unreliable as to rate of absorption.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum, N.F._ (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).--Apocynum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).

=*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Apomorphine Chloride).

White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air, odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50) and in alcohol (1:50).

ACTION AND USES: Prompt, centrally acting emetic, especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely used as nauseant expectorant.

DOSAGE: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis.

From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or 1/60 to 1/30 grain, repeated once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth (hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals until effective, but it should be remembered that in some cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing vomiting.

=*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.=--H{2}O.

ACTION AND USES: Solvent. The ingestion of large amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.

_*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Water obtained by distillation.

_Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Should be used within forty-eight hours after its preparation.

=AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.=--The official aromatic waters are aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For preparations included in this list see under the names of the princ.i.p.al const.i.tuents. For the following, see under the names of the respective oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and Aqua Menthae Viridis.

=Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F.= (American Spikenard, Spignet).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete irritant, diaph.o.r.etic and "alterative." Probably without value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia, N.F._--Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.=--AgNO{3}.

Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter, metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic matter.

ACTION AND USES: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic and germicide; internally as an astringent.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled water should be used in making the solutions.

_*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit. Fus.), Molded Silver Nitrate, U.S.P._ (Fused Silver Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).--AgNO{3} toughened by the addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.

White, hard pencils or cones.

=Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.=--Ag{2}O.

A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste.

Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably inefficient.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

=Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P.= (Arnica Flowers).

ACTION AND USES: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient of the tincture is probably its alcohol.

_Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica, N.F._--Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

_Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P._--Arnica (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.