Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary Part 81

_Sal Carolinum Fact.i.tium Effervescens (Sal Carol. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F._ (Pulvis Salis Carolini Fact.i.tii Effervescens, N.F. III).--Artificial Carlsbad salt (26.6%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (40%), tartaric acid (15.7%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

ACTION AND USES: Cathartic. Its high sodium citrate and tartrate content should be borne in mind.

DOSAGE: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.)

=*Sodii Sulphis Exsiccatus (Sod. Sulphis Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Sulphite, U.S.P.=--Na{2}SO{3} (not less than 90%).

White, odorless powder, having a cooling, saline sulphurous taste.

Freely soluble in water (1:3.2), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic; princ.i.p.ally used externally as a wash.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=*Sodii Thiosulphas (Sod. Thiosulph.), Sodium Thiosulphate, U.S.P.= ("Sodium Hyposulphite").--Na{2}S{2}O{3} + 5H{2}O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, having a cooling, afterward bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used externally in the form of a lotion as application for ringworm and other parasitic diseases. Internally, rarely as cathartic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=Solanum (Solan.), Solanum, N.F.= (Horsenettle Berries).--Ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Rarely used as a sedative in convulsions and epilepsy; probably ineffective.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Solani (Fldext. Solan.), Fluidextract of Solanum, N.F._--Solanum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Sparteinae Sulphas (Spartein. Sulph.), Sparteine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

Colorless, odorless, hygroscopic crystals or powder, having a slightly saline and somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Has been widely exploited as a diuretic, but on insufficient evidence. Is of little use and is now less frequently employed than formerly. Large doses slow and weaken the heart.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.)

=SPECIES.=--Mixtures of vegetable drugs used as teas or poultices. For the official mixtures, see Species Emollientes, N.F., under =Althaea Folia;= Species Laxativae, N.F., under =Senna=, and Species Pectorales, under =Althaea=.

=Spigelia (Spigelia), Spigelia, U.S.P.= (Pinkroot).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete anthelmintic for ascarides.

Inferior to santonin.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Spigeliae (Fldext. Spigel.), Fluidextract of Spigelia, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Pinkroot).--Spigelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)

=SPIRITUS, SPIRITS.--=Alcoholic solutions of either gaseous, liquid, or solid volatile substances.

For the official spirits, see under the names of the respective princ.i.p.al const.i.tuents. For Spiritus Cinnamomi, see under =Oleum Ca.s.siae=; for Spiritus Odoratus, under =Oleum Bergamottae=. For the following, see under the respective oils: Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae, Spiritus Anisi, Spiritus Aurantii Compositus, Spiritus Cardamomi Compositus, Spiritus Juniperi, Spiritus Juniperi Compositus, Spiritus Lavandulae, Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, Spiritus Menthae Viridis, Spiritus Myrciae Compositus, Spiritus Sinapis.

=SPIRITUS OLEORUM VOLATILIUM, SPIRITS OF VOLATILE OILS=.--Volatile oil (6.5%) in alcohol.

=Staphisagria (Staphisag.), Staphisagria, U.S.P.= (Stavesacre).--Seeds.

ACTION AND USES: To destroy pediculi. The contained alkaloid, delphinine, is toxic, resembling aconitine in its physiologic action.

DOSAGE: Used as an ointment or lotion.

_Fluidextractum Staphisagria (Fldext. Staphisag.), Fluidextract of Staphisagria, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Stavesacre).--Staphisagria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

=STILI DILUBILES (STIL. DILUB.), PASTE PENCILS,= (Unna Pencils).--Paste pencils are for the direct application of medicinal agents to the skin in dermatologic practice. The paste consists of starch, dextrin, tragacanth and sugar with sufficient water to form a plastic ma.s.s. For the official paste pencils, see Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles, under =Acidum Salicylic.u.m=.

=Stillingia (Stilling.), Stillingia, U.S.P.= (Queen's Root).

ACTION AND USES: Has been used as a sialagogue and expectorant. Has no advantage over senega; is now less frequently used than formerly.

The compound fluidextract and syrup are antiquated "alteratives," at one time used especially against syphilis and scrofula. They are complex and inefficient, and therefore irrational and harmful.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Stillingiae (Fldext. Stilling.), Fluidextract of Stillingia, U.S.P._--Stillingia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Stillingiae Compositum (Fldext. Stilling. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Stillingia, N.F._--Stillingia (25%), corydalis (25%), blue flag (12.5%), sambucus (12.5%), chimaphila (12.5%), p.r.i.c.kly ash berries (6.2%) and coriander (6.2%) in glycerin, alcohol and water.

Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Stillingiae Compositus (Syr. Stilling. Co.), Compound Syrup of Stillingia, N.F._--Compound fluidextract of stillingia (25%) in glycerin and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.