The Seaman's Friend Part 17

_Full-and-by!_ The order given to the man at the helm to keep the sails full and at the same time close to the wind.

FURL. To roll a sail up snugly on a yard or boom, and secure it.

FUTTOCK-PLATES. Iron plates crossing the sides of the top-rim perpendicularly. The dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are fitted to their upper ends, and the futtock-shrouds to their lower ends.

FUTTOCK-SHROUDS. Short shrouds, leading from the lower ends of the futtock-plates to a bend round the lower mast, just below the top.

FUTTOCK-STAFF. A short piece of wood or iron, seized across the upper part of the rigging, to which the catharpin legs are secured.

FUTTOCK-TIMBERS. (See PLATE 3.) Those timbers between the floor and naval timbers, and the top-timbers. There are two--the _lower_, which is over the floor, and the _middle_, which is over the naval timber.

The naval timber is sometimes called the _ground futtock_.

GAFF. A spar, to which the head of a fore-and-aft sail is bent. (See PLATE 1.)

GAFF-TOPSAIL. A light sail set over a gaff, the foot being spread by it.

GAGE. The depth of water of a vessel. Also, her position as to another vessel, as having the _weather_ or _lee gage_.

GALLEY. The place where the cooking is done.

GALLOWS-BITTS. A strong frame raised amids.h.i.+ps, to support spare spars, &c., in port.

GAMMONING. (See PLATE 1.) The las.h.i.+ng by which the bowsprit is secured to the cut-water.

GANG-CASKS. Small casks, used for bringing water on board in boats.

GANGWAY. (See PLATE 1.) That part of a vessel's side, amids.h.i.+ps, where people pa.s.s in and out of the vessel.

GANTLINE. (See GIRTLINE.)

GARBOARD-STREAK. (See PLATE 3.) The range of planks next to the keel, on each side.

GARLAND. A large rope, strap or grommet, lashed to a spar when hoisting it inboard.

GARNET. A purchase on the main stay, for hoisting cargo.

GASKETS. Ropes or pieces of plated stuff, used to secure a sail to the yard or boom when it is furled. They are called a _bunt_, _quarter_, or _yard-arm gasket_, according to their position on the yard.

GIMBLET. To turn an anchor round by its stock. To turn anything round on its end.

GIRT. The situation of a vessel when her cables are too taut.

GIRTLINE. A rope rove through a single block aloft, making a whip purchase. Commonly used to hoist rigging by, in fitting it.

GIVE WAY! An order to men in a boat to pull with more force, or to begin pulling. The same as, _Lay out on your oars!_ or, _Lay out!_

GLUT. A piece of canva.s.s sewed into the centre of a sail near the head.

It has an eyelet-hole in the middle for the bunt-jigger or becket to go through.

GOB-LINE, or GAUB-LINE. A rope leading from the martingale inboard. The same as _back-rope_.

GOODGEON. (See GUDGEON.)

GOOSE-NECK. An iron ring fitted to the end of a yard or boom, for various purposes.

GOOSE-WINGED. The situation of a course when the buntlines and lee clew are hauled up, and the weather clew down.

GORES. The angles at one or both ends of such cloths as increase the breadth or depth of a sail.

GORING-CLOTHS. Pieces cut obliquely and put in to add to the breadth of a sail.

GRAFTING. (See page 52.) A manner of covering a rope by weaving together yarns.

GRAINS. An iron with four or more barbed points to it, used for striking small fish.

GRAPNEL. A small anchor with several claws, used to secure boats.

GRAPPLING IRONS. Crooked irons, used to seize and hold fast another vessel.

GRATING. Open lattice work of wood. Used princ.i.p.ally to cover hatches in good weather.

GREAVE. To clean a s.h.i.+p's bottom by burning.

GRIPE. The outside timber of the fore-foot, under water, fastened to the lower stem-piece. (See PLATE 3.) A vessel _gripes_ when she tends to come up into the wind.

GRIPES. Bars of iron, with lanyards, rings and clews, by which a large boat is lashed to the ring-bolts of the deck. Those for a quarter-boat are made of long strips of matting, going round her and set taut by a lanyard.

GROMMET. (See PLATE 5 and page 46.) A ring formed of rope, by laying round a single strand.

GROUND TACKLE. General term for anchors, cables, warps, springs, &c.; everything used in securing a vessel at anchor.

GROUND-TIER. The lowest tier of casks in a vessel's hold.

GUESS-WARP, or GUESS-ROPE. A rope fastened to a vessel or wharf, and used to tow a boat by; or to haul it out to the swinging-boom-end, when in port.

GUN-TACKLE PURCHASE. A purchase made by two single blocks. (See page 54.)

GUNWALE. (p.r.o.nounced _gun-nel_.) The upper rail of a boat or vessel.

GUY. A rope attaching to anything to steady it, and bear it one way and another in hoisting.

GYBE. (p.r.o.nounced _jibe_.) To s.h.i.+ft over the boom of a fore-and-aft sail.

HAIL. To speak or call to another vessel, or to men in a different part of a s.h.i.+p.

HALYARDS. Ropes or tackles used for hoisting and lowering yards, gaffs, and sails.