Young Peoples' History of the War with Spain Part 3

[Ill.u.s.tration: Searching for Contraband.]

When the cargo was all ash.o.r.e, the Florida prepared to return to the United States. Then the Cuban soldiers ranged themselves along the sh.o.r.e; women and children grouped behind the ranks, and a Cuban marching song burst from happy hearts as the Florida steamed away.

A great deal of blockading duty was done by the small vessels of the fleets, the torpedo-boats and the armed tugboats. Many strange encounters took place during those nights when these little craft rolled about in the Caribbean swells, or moved along in hostile waters without a light visible on board.

The tug-boat Leyden had one of these. With her two or three small guns she held up a big s.h.i.+p one night, firing across her bow, and demanding, "What s.h.i.+p is that?" It was the same vessel that had the encounter with the Nashville, the story of which I have told you; and so the answer came back:

"This is Her Majesty's s.h.i.+p, Talbot."

The idea of a tug-boat like the Leyden halting a wars.h.i.+p in this fas.h.i.+on was not particularly pleasing to the British Captain. Neither was he better pleased when some one on the tug-boat called out, "Good night, Talbot!" But he took it as a new experience, and solemnly replied:

"You may go, Leyden."

The spirit that animated the officers of our navy in these trying times was well expressed by Lieutenant Fremont, who commanded the torpedo-boat Porter. Fremont was the son of John C. Fremont, whom you may possibly remember as a noted explorer and pioneer in the western part of the United States, and a general during the Civil War; and he possessed the bravery and daring of his father. Some one said to him:

"Those Spanish destroyers have heavier batteries than yours. What would you do if you ran across one of them out here?"

"Well," replied Fremont, "it's my business to keep them from getting in among the fleet. I'd try to do it. I'd engage a destroyer, and if I found his battery was too heavy for me I'd close in. If a chance offered, I'd torpedo him. If not--well, this boat has made twenty-six knots. I'd go at him full speed. I think the Porter would go half way through him before we stopped."

"And then?"

"And then, I think, there would be a swimming match. It saves time to have your mind made up in advance in such matters."

[Ill.u.s.tration: Lieutenant John C. Fremont.]

CHAPTER IV.

THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY.

The greatest event of the war between the United States and Spain took place in a strange part of the world, far from both of those countries. If you look on a map of Asia, you will find a large group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, east of the China Sea. They are called the Philippine Islands. The largest of them is called Luzon, and its chief city is Manila, on a large bay of the same name.

These islands were discovered nearly four hundred years ago, by Magellan, as we call him in English, a famous sailor and explorer. He was the first to sail through the strait that is south of South America; and so that strait is still called by his name. After pa.s.sing through that strait he led his fleet on, farther west, northwest, over the Pacific Ocean, till he came to the islands east of the China Sea.

Magellan took possession of them in the name of the King of Spain; for, though not a Spaniard, he was working in the interests of Spain.

He gave the islands a name, but the name did not cling to them; and some time after, they were named Islas Filipinas--or, as we say in English, Philippine Islands in honor of King Philip II., of Spain.

But the savage tribes dwelling in the islands did not submit tamely to Magellan's conquest, and in a fight with them he was killed. Still, the Spaniards held the islands, and established towns there, some of which have become very important. It is said that there are people from all parts of the world living in Manila.

Have you ever heard any one speak of the Filipinos? They are natives of the islands, descendants of the Spanish settlers; besides these there are the native savage tribes, still living in many places. The Filipinos had often tried to gain their independence, but had not been successful. When they heard of the rebellion in Cuba, they thought they would make another attempt against Spain, and so began a new rebellion. And this is just how matters stood when the war began between the United States and Spain.

The United States, having some s.h.i.+ps in one of the ports of China, sent word to their commander, Commodore Dewey, to turn his attention to the Philippine Islands. So Commodore Dewey prepared his fleet in the best way possible and started for Manila. The s.h.i.+ps sailed Wednesday afternoon, April 27th.

You must not think that Commodore Dewey had big battles.h.i.+ps in his fleet. He had only what we call "cruisers," not big battles.h.i.+ps. The s.h.i.+p on which the commander of a whole fleet sails is always the "flags.h.i.+p." Then, of course, each s.h.i.+p has its own captain and other officers. Would you like to know the names of the s.h.i.+ps that won such fame in Manila Bay? The "flags.h.i.+p" was the Olympia; then there were five other cruisers: the Baltimore, the Boston, the Raleigh, the Concord, the Petrel; and a small vessel called the Hugh McCulloch.

There were also two steamers carrying coal and provisions. All the fleet had been newly painted gray, to match our other vessels in this war.

During the voyage, the men were very busy getting ready for a battle, for they knew that the Spaniards had s.h.i.+ps in Manila Bay, and that they would fire upon the new comers. Everything made of wood that might be shot and splintered, was thrown overboard; for flying splinters are very dangerous on s.h.i.+pboard. Tables, benches, chests, and rails were thrown into the sea. The men were told what to do in time of battle, and how to help the wounded, and the doctors arranged the rooms to be used as hospitals, so that every thing would be handy.

We have seen that the fleet sailed Wednesday afternoon, and the next Sat.u.r.day morning land was sighted--the island of Luzon. On, on, the s.h.i.+ps sped, and that evening they reached the entrance to Manila Bay.

Then they stole along in the darkness, with their lights covered, so that the Spaniards might not see them. Our men were doing a daring deed. They were entering a strange bay, by night, where not one of them had ever been before; they did not know the soundings, they had no harbor pilot. The entrance to the bay was guarded by fortresses containing big Krupp guns, and there was good reason to think that there were "mines" in the water, which might blow the s.h.i.+ps to pieces.

Still, every man was ready to do his duty.

[Ill.u.s.tration: The "Olympia," Admiral Dewey's Flags.h.i.+p.]

Some of the forts did discover our s.h.i.+ps, and fired a few shots; but no harm was done, and our s.h.i.+ps steamed on. At daybreak they drew near the city of Manila. The Spaniards were expecting them, having had notice of their approach. The Spanish s.h.i.+ps, under Admiral Montojo, were waiting at a place called Cavite, seven miles from Manila. They were protected by batteries on the sh.o.r.e. Having steady guns on the sh.o.r.e should have been a great help to the Spaniards, as it is easier to fire a steady gun than to fire a gun on a s.h.i.+p that is riding up and down on the waves.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Battle of Manila Bay.]

The battle began a little after five o'clock, Sunday morning, May 1st, 1898. The Spaniards fired the first shot. All the vessels of our fleet were out in the bay, but, as soon as the Spaniards began to fire, our fighting s.h.i.+ps started forward. They did not answer the Spanish fire at first, but steamed up the bay, in a wide circle, toward the city of Manila, then turned and came back toward Cavite. The Olympia led the way. After her came the Baltimore, Raleigh, Concord, Petrel, and Boston. All had their battle-flags flying.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Admiral Montojo.]

Uninjured by the enemy's shots, the Olympia and her train drew near the Spanish forts and s.h.i.+ps. At a distance of a little more than four thousand yards, the Olympia fired, and the roar of her first gun was the signal to her companions to open fire. Then the firing from both sides became fast and furious. Our s.h.i.+ps moved rapidly about, up and down, past Cavite five times. Admiral Montojo came out in his flags.h.i.+p, the Reina Christina, to attack the Olympia. The Olympia poured such a storm of shot at her that she was compelled to turn back toward the harbor. But the Reina Christina had met her doom. As she turned, a huge sh.e.l.l from the Olympia struck her, set her on fire, and killed her captain and many of her men. Admiral Montojo changed his flag to another s.h.i.+p and came forward again, but soon had to turn back. But a moment of great peril came to the Olympia. Two fierce little torpedo-boats came toward her, ready to hurl her to destruction. The gunners of the Olympia instantly opened such a shower of sh.e.l.ls from the smaller guns that the surface of the water was covered with foam. The little boats, without having had time to send forth a torpedo, were overcome. One of them blew up, then sank, with her crew, beneath the waves. The other, pierced with shots, turned toward the sh.o.r.e and ran upon the beach, a wreck.

[Ill.u.s.tration: The "Olympia" Leading the Way.]

After more than two hours of fierce fighting, Commodore Dewey led his s.h.i.+ps out into the center of the bay, and the battle ceased for a time. The true reason for this movement was known only to some of the officers. The men were told that they were to haul off to get a little rest and some breakfast. The men believed that they had done great damage to the Spaniards, and were eager to finish the battle at once.

In fact, no one really knew then how much damage had been done to the Spanish fleet. The results were not known till afterward. Though the men were hopeful and in good spirits, Commodore Dewey and his staff thought the situation serious. Three of the Spanish s.h.i.+ps were on fire, and the Boston had also broken out in flames. The Olympia had not enough ammunition to continue the fight two hours longer. Our s.h.i.+ps were far from home, and could not get a supply of ammunition in less than a month's time. There was good reason to think that the Spanish forts were well supplied.

The Spaniards thought, when our s.h.i.+ps drew away from the sh.o.r.e, that the Americans had been overcome and were leaving in order to bury their dead. They found themselves sadly mistaken.

Our men, strengthened by the rest and a breakfast of bread and cold meat, started again to battle a little before eleven o'clock. Soon several of the Spanish s.h.i.+ps were on fire, and some of them sank.

After the Spanish fleet had been destroyed, some of our s.h.i.+ps attacked the forts on the sh.o.r.e and made them surrender. At five minutes after one o'clock the Spaniards hauled down their flag.

The Spaniards did many brave things that day, and fought desperately, but they were not good marksmen. They did not aim their guns well.

They lost eleven s.h.i.+ps, and had many men killed and wounded. Our s.h.i.+ps were not much injured, only seven of our men were wounded, and none were killed.

When our s.h.i.+ps drew together after the battle, and our men found that they had suffered so little, and that no one had been killed, they knew not how to control their feelings. Some of them cried like little children. But such tears are not childish. It is said that when the Spanish forts gave the signal of surrender, Commodore Dewey turned to his officers near him, and said: "I've the prettiest lot of men that ever stepped on s.h.i.+pboard, and their hearts are as stout as the s.h.i.+ps."

[Ill.u.s.tration: The Destroyed Spanish Fleet.]

You must notice that the city of Manila had not been taken in this battle. We shall see later about its surrender. But the battle of Manila Bay was one of the most remarkable naval battles ever fought.

When Commodore Dewey received his orders to "capture or destroy" the Spanish fleet, that was known to be somewhere about the Philippine Islands, the Asiatic squadron, as his s.h.i.+ps were called, was lying in the harbor of Hong Kong, which is an English port. After the blowing up of the Maine, which occurred in February, you will remember, he began to put his s.h.i.+ps in the very best possible condition for a war with Spain, which he and his officers now thought inevitable. Every emergency was provided for; all the vessels were in complete fighting trim.

Because of the neutrality laws, of which I have told you, after war was declared Dewey's s.h.i.+ps could not stay at Hong Kong more than twenty-four hours, so he moved them to Mirs Bay, a Chinese port, and from there set out to find the Spanish fleet.

A naval officer, now retired from the service, told me not long ago, the words "capture or destroy" have been used in instructions to naval officers for three hundred years. He also spoke of his acquaintance with Dewey during the Civil War, and upon long cruises when they were s.h.i.+pmates; and particularly dwelt upon the ability and good judgment that characterized him as a naval officer.

When Dewey received his orders to "capture or destroy" the Spanish fleet, he is said to have remarked: "Thank the Lord! at last I've got the chance, and I'll wipe them off the Pacific Ocean." He did not know what he was to meet in the way of resistance, but there was not a man in the fleet that doubted the outcome of the encounter. He found the Spanish fleet, fought it until not a s.h.i.+p was left to fly the flag of Spain, and then sent word to the Spanish Governor-general that if another shot was fired at his s.h.i.+ps he would lay the city of Manila in ashes.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Admiral George Dewey.]

The Island of Corregidor guards the entrance to Manila Bay, but it seemed to be asleep as Dewey's gray s.h.i.+ps stole silently by. Once a sh.e.l.l screamed over the Raleigh, followed by another; but the Raleigh, the Concord and the Boston answered the challenge and soon all was silent. At daybreak the fleet was about five miles from Manila, the American flag flying from each s.h.i.+p.

[Ill.u.s.tration: Church of the Friars, Manila.]

Day breaks quickly in the tropics, and as the sun flashed his beams above the horizon, a beautiful picture revealed itself to the men of Dewey's fleet. Before them lay the metropolis of the Philippines, walled in part like a mediaeval town; the jangle of church bells came from lofty towers. To the right, and below the city, lay the Spanish fleet for which they had been searching.