Helps to Latin Translation at Sight Part 76

'Dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te vidisse iacentes, Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequimur.'

_Transl. by_ CICERO, _Tusc._ i. 42. 101.

EPILOGUE.

_Horace._

A.

Exegi monumentum aere perennius Regalique situ pyramidum altius, Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotens Possit diruere aut innumerabilis Annorum series et fuga temporum. 5 Non omnis moriar, multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinam: usque ego postera Crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium Scandet c.u.m tacita virgine pontifex.

Dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus 10 Et qua pauper aquae Daunus agrestium Regnavit populorum, ex humili potens Princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos. Sume superbiam Quaesitam meritis et mihi Delphica 15 Lauro cinge volens, Melpomene, comam.

HORACE, _Od._ III. x.x.x.

_Ovid._

B.

Iamque opus exegi, quod nec Iovis ira nec ignis Nec poterit ferrum nec edax abolere vetustas.

c.u.m volet, illa dies, quae nil nisi corporis huius Ius habet, incerti spatium mihi finiat aevi; Parte tamen meliore mei super alta perennis 875 Astra ferar nomenque erit indelebile nostrum.

Quaque patet domitis Romana potentia terris, Ore legar populi perque omnia saecula fama, Siquid habent veri vatum praesagia, vivam.

OVID, _Met._ xv. 871-9.

_Martial._

C.

Ohe, iam satis est, ohe, libelle, Iam pervenimus usque ad umbilicos: Tu procedere adhuc et ire quaeris, Nec summa potes in schida teneri, Sic tamquam tibi res peracta non sit, 5 Quae prima quoque pagina peracta est.

Iam lector queriturque deficitque; Iam librarius hoc et ipse dicit 'Ohe, iam satis est, ohe, libelle.'

MARTIAL, _Epig._ IV. lx.x.xix.

APPENDICES

PAGES

I. List of Important Conjunctions 274-276 II. List of Important Prefixes 277-281 III. List of Important Suffixes 282-286 IV. Groups of Cognate Words 287-288 V. How to Think in Latin 289-292 VI. Short Lives of Roman Authors 293-345 VII. Chronological Outlines of Roman History and Literature 347-363

[Transcriber's Note:

In Appendixes I-IV, most +boldface+ markup has been omitted for readability. In general, Latin words are unmarked, while English translations are _italicized_.]

APPENDIX I

LIST OF IMPORTANT CONJUNCTIONS

+I. CO-ORDINATE.+--These conjunctions join sentences of equal grammatical _rank_ (+ordo+), that is, each sentence is grammatically independent of the other.

They are generally divided into FIVE cla.s.ses:--

(1) COPULATIVE (_link_) conjunctions are those which connect both the sentences and the meaning.

et, -que, ac, atque ... _and_.

et ... et, -que ... -que (poet.) ... _both ... and_.

etiam, quoque ... _also_.

_Divide +et+ impera._ Divide +and+ control.

(2) DISJUNCTIVE conjunctions join together the sentence but they _disjoin_ or separate from each other the thoughts conveyed.

aut ... aut, vel ... vel (ve) ... _either ... or_.

sive (seu) ... seu ... _whether ... or_.

nec (neque) ... nec (neque) ... _neither ... nor_.

_+aut+ vincemus +aut+ moriemur._ We will +either+ conquer +or+ die.

(3) ADVERSATIVE conjunctions _oppose_ two statements to each other.

sed, verum, vero, ceterum ... _but_.

autem, tamen ... _however_.

at ... _but_, _on the other hand_.

_Ille quidem tardior: tu +autem+ ingeniosus, +sed+ in omni vita inconstans._ He is a little dull: +while+ you are clever, +but+ unstable in all your actions.

(4) INFERENTIAL.--The statement of one sentence _brings in_ (+infert+) or proves the other.

Ergo, igitur, itaque ... _therefore_, _accordingly_.

'_Unus h.o.m.o n.o.bis cunctando rest.i.tuit rem: +Ergo+ postque magisque viri nunc gloria claret_.'

ENNIUS.

(5) CAUSAL.

nam, namque, enim, etenim ... _for_.

quapropter, quare, quamobrem ... _wherefore_.

Ex.: '_+quamobrem+, Quirites, celebratote illos dies c.u.m coniugibus ac liberis vestris: +nam+ multi saepe honores dis immortalibus iusti habiti sunt, sed profecto iustiores nunquam._'

+II. SUBORDINATE.+--These conjunctions attach to a sentence or clause another clause which holds (grammatically) a lower or _subordinate_ position, qualifying the princ.i.p.al clause just as an adverb qualifies a verb.