Early English Meals and Manners Part 38

[Footnote 44: Fr. _repli_: m. A fould, plait, or _bought_.

Cotgrave. cf. _Bow_, bend.]

[Footnote 45: Fine cloth, originally made at Rennes, in Bretagne.]

[Footnote 46: A.S. _ger?dian_, to make ready, arrange, prepare.]

[Footnote 47: See the mode of laying the Surnape in Henry VII.'s time described in _H. Ord._, p. 119, at the end of this Poem.]

[Footnote 48: "A _Portpayne_ for the said Pantre, an elne longe and a yerd brode." The _Percy_, or Northumberland Household Book, 1512, (ed. 1827), p. 16, under _Lynnon Clothe_. 'A _porte paine_, to beare breade fro the Pantree to the table with, _lintheum panarium_.' Withals.]

[Footnote 49: A.S. _aetwitan_, twit; _owitan_, blame.]

[Footnote 50: 'prowl, proll, to seek for prey, from Fr. _proie_ by the addition of a formative _l_, as kneel from knee.' Wedgwood.]

[Footnote 51: Louse is in English in 1530 'Louse, a beest--_pov._ Palsgrave. And see the note, p. 19, _Book of Quinte Essence_.]

[Footnote 52: To look sullen (?). _Glowting_ round her rock, to fish she falls. _Chapman_, in Todd's Johnson. Horrour and _glouting_ admiration. _Milton._ _Glouting_ with sullen spight.

_Garth._]

[Footnote 53: Snytyn a nese or a candyl. _Emungo, mungo._ Prompt.

Parv. _Emungo_, to make cleane the nose. _Emunctio_, snuffyng or wypynge of the nose. Cooper. _Snuyt uw neus_, Blow your nose.

Sewel, 1740; but _snuyven, ofte snuffen_, To Snuffe out the Snot or Filth out of ones Nose. Hexham, 1660. A learned friend, who in his bachelor days investigated some of the curiosities of London Life, informs me that the modern c.o.c.kney term is _sling_. In the dress-circle of the Bower Saloon, Stangate, admission 3d., he saw stuck up, four years ago, the notice, "_Gentlemen_ are requested not to _sling_," and being philologically disposed, he asked the attendant the meaning of the word.]

[Footnote 54: askew. _Doyle_, squint. Gloucesters.h.i.+re. Halliwell.]

[Footnote 55: Codde, of mannys pryuyte (preuy membris). _Piga, mentula._ Promptorium Parvulorum.]

[Footnote 56: Mowe or skorne, _Vangia vel valgia_. Catholicon, in P. P.]

[Footnote 57: ?yxyn _Singulcio_. ?yxynge _singultus_. P. P. To yexe, sobbe, or haue the hicket. _Singultio._ Baret. To yexe or sobbe, _Hicken_, To Hick, or to have the Hick-hock. Hexham.]

[Footnote 58: ? sh.o.r.ewise, as sh.o.r.es. 'Sch.o.r.e, undur settynge of a ynge at wolde falle.' P. Parv. Du. _Schooren_, To Under-prop.

_Aller eschays_, To shale, stradle, goe crooked, or wide betweene the feet, or legs. Cotgrave.]

[Footnote 59: Dutch _Schrobben_, To Rubb, to Sc.r.a.pe, to Scratch.

Hexham.]

[Footnote 60: Iettyn _verno_. P. Parv. Mr Way quotes from Palsgrave, "I _iette_, I make a countenaunce with my legges, _ie me iamboye_," &c.; and from Cotgrave, "_Iamboyer_, to _iet_, or wantonly to go in and out with the legs," &c.]

[Footnote 61: grinding.]

[Footnote 62: gnastyn (gnachyn) _Fremo, strideo_. Catholicon.

Gnastyng of the tethe--_stridevr, grincement_. Palsg. Du.

_gnisteren_, To Gnash, or Creake with the teeth. Hexham.]

[Footnote 63: Short coats and tight trousers were a great offence to old writers accustomed to long nightgown clothes. Compare Chaucer's complaint in the Canterbury Tales, The Parsones Tale, _De Superbia_, p. 193, col. 2, ed. Wright. "Upon that other syde, to speke of the horrible disordinat scantnes of clothing, as ben these cuttid sloppis or anslets, that thurgh her schortnes ne covereth not the schamful membre of man, to wickid entent. Alas!

som men of hem schewen the schap and the boce of the horrible swollen membres, that semeth like to the maladies of hirnia, in the wrapping of here hose, and eek the b.u.t.tokes of hem, that faren as it were the hinder part of a sche ape in the fulle of the moone." The continuation of the pa.s.sage is very curious. "Youre schort gownys thriftlesse" are also noted in the song in Harl. MS.

372. See Weste, _Booke of Demeanour_, l. 141, below.]

[Footnote 64: Fr. _tache_, spot, staine, blemish, reproach. C.]

[Footnote 65: sobriety, gravity.]

[Footnote 66: Edward IV. had 'Bannerettes IIII, or Bacheler Knights, to be kervers and cupberers in this courte.' _H. Ord._, p. 32.]

[Footnote 67: See the _Termes of a Keruer_ in Wynkyn de Worde's _Boke of Keruynge_ below.]

[Footnote 68: to embrew. _Ferrum tingere sanguine._ Baret.]

[Footnote 69: The table-knife, 'Mensal knyfe, or borde knyfe, _Mensalis_,' P. Parv., was, I suppose, a lighter knife than the trencher-knife used for cutting trenchers off very stale coa.r.s.e loaves.]

[Footnote 70: ? Fr. _pareil_, A match or fellow. C.]

[Footnote 71: A.S. _gramian_, to anger.]

[Footnote 72: Sowce mete, _Succidium_. P. Parv.]

[Footnote 73: ? Crop or crawe, or cropon of a beste (croupe or cropon), _Clunis_. P. Parv. Crops are emptied before birds are cooked.]

[Footnote 74: A.S. _beniman_, take away, deprive.]

[Footnote 75: Fr. _achever_, To atchieue; to end, finish. Cot.]

[Footnote 76: Hwyr, cappe (hure H.), _Tena_. A.S. _hufe_, a tiara, ornament. Promptorium Parv.]

[Footnote 77: Chyne, of bestys bakke. _Spina._ P. Parv.]

[Footnote 78: slices, strips.]

[Footnote 79: '_De haute graisse_, Full, plumpe, goodlie, fat, well-fed, in good liking.' Cotgrave.]

[Footnote 80: Fr. _arracher_. To root vp ... pull away by violence. Cotgrave. [[Compare, "and the Geaunte pulled and drough, but he myght hym not _a-race_ from the sadell." _Merlin_, Pt. II.

p. 346 (E. E. T. Soc. 1866).]] ]

[Footnote 81: The Bittern or Bittour, _Ardea Stellaris_.]

[Footnote 82: _Egrette_, as _Aigrette_; A foule that resembles a Heron. _Aigrette_ (A foule verie like a Heron, but white); a criell Heron, or dwarfe Heron. Cot. _Ardea alba_, A crielle or dwarfe heron. Cooper.]

[Footnote 83: Snype, or snyte, byrde, _Ibex._ P. P. A snipe or snite: a bird lesse than a woodc.o.c.ke. _Gallinago minor_, &c. Baret.]

[Footnote 84: A small Heron or kind of Heron; Shakspere's editors'

_handsaw_. The spelling _heronshaw_ misled Cotgrave, &c.; he has _Haironniere_. A herons neast, or ayrie; a _herne_-shaw or shaw of wood, wherein herons breed. 'An Hearne. _Ardea._ A hearnsew, _Ardeola_.' Baret, 1580. 'Fr. _heronceau_, a young heron, gives E.

_heronshaw_,' Wedgwood. I cannot find _heronceau_, only _heronneau_. 'A yong _herensew_ is lyghter of dygestyon than a crane. A. Borde. _Regyment_, fol. F i, ed. 1567. 'In actual application a _heronshaw_, _hernshaw_ or _hernsew_, is simply a Common Heron (Ardea Vulgaris) with no distinction as to age, &c.'

Atkinson.]

[Footnote 85: The Brewe is mentioned three times, and each time in connection with the Curlew. I believe it to be the Whimbrel (_Numenius Phaeopus_) or Half Curlew. I have a recollection (or what seems like it) of having seen the name with a French form like Whimbreau. [Pennant's British Zoology, ii. 347, gives _Le pet.i.t Courly, ou le Courlieu_, as the French synonym of the Whimbrel.] Morris (Orpen) says the numbers of the Whimbrel are lessening from their being sought as food. Atkinson.]

[Footnote 86: "The singular structure of the windpipe and its convolutions lodged between the two plates of bone forming the sides of the keel of the sternum of this bird (the Crane) have long been known. The trachea or windpipe, quitting the neck of the bird, pa.s.ses downwards and backwards between the branches of the merry-thought towards the inferior edge of the keel, which is hollowed out to receive it. Into this groove the trachea pa.s.ses, ... and after making three turns pa.s.ses again forwards and upwards and ultimately backwards to be attached to the two lobes of the lungs." Yarrell, _Brit. Birds_ ii. 441. Atkinson.]