The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History Part 48

=Macdonell, Alexander= (1769-1840). Born at Glen Urquhart, Scotland.

Raised a Roman Catholic regiment of which he was appointed chaplain and saw service in Ireland; after the regiment had been disbanded, succeeded in bringing the men to Canada in 1803-1804, and obtained for them an extensive tract of land on the St. Lawrence, in what is now Glengarry County. When the War of 1812 was threatened, a.s.sisted in raising the Glengarry Fencibles and accompanied them into action. In 1826 consecrated bishop of Kingston. In 1839 returned to England to promote a scheme of emigration from the Highlands, and died at Dumfries the following year. =Index=: =Bk= Recommended as chaplain of Glengarry corps, 97. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Macdonell, _Sketches Ill.u.s.trating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_.

=Macdonell, George= (1770-1870). Member of the well-known Glengarry family of that name. Served for several years in the King's Regiment; instrumental in organizing the Glengarry Fencibles in 1811, of which he was given command. Served with distinction in the War of 1812, particularly in the capture of Ogdensburg and the battle of Chateauguay.

=Index=: =Bk= Becomes colonel of Glengarry Fencibles, 180. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Macdonell, _Sketches Ill.u.s.trating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_. _See also_ War of 1812.

=Macdonell, John.= =S= Speaker of first a.s.sembly of Upper Canada, 80, 85.

=Macdonell, Lieutenant-Colonel John.= Born in Glengarry; son of Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Macdonell, of the 1st Glengarry militia.

Present at the capture of Detroit and mentioned in despatches. In 1812 aide-de-camp to Sir Isaac Brock, and took an important part in the battle of Queenston Heights, where he was killed. At the time of his appointment to General Brock's staff was acting attorney-general of Upper Canada. =Index=: =Bk= Proposes to raise corps from among Scottish settlers in Glengarry, 97; his report on American fort at Detroit, 190; Brock makes him his aide-de-camp, 230; carries summons for surrender of Detroit, 251, 255; death of, at Queenston Heights, 306. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Edgar, _Ten Years of Upper Canada_; Macdonell, _Sketches Ill.u.s.trating the Early Settlement and History of Glengarry in Canada_. _See also_ War of 1812.

=Macdonell, Miles= (1767-1828). Governor of a.s.siniboia. Born in Scotland. Came to America with his father, Colonel John Macdonell, in 1773; and entered the army. In 1794 lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Volunteers, and captain in 1796. Appointed by Lord Selkirk governor of his projected colony on Red River, and arrived there with a party of colonists in 1812. Opposition on the part of the North West Company culminated in an attack, June 11, 1815, by the Company's agents, on the colonists, and Macdonell, to avoid bloodshed, surrendered. A threatened trial at Montreal fell through, and returned to Red River Settlement, where for nearly twelve years was one of its leading pioneers. =Index=: =MS= Quoted on Selkirk's Red River scheme, 100; a United Empire Loyalist, settled in Glengarry, Upper Canada, 150; sent for by Selkirk to take charge of the Red River Colony, 150; sails for Scotland, 150; at Stornoway in the Hebrides, 151; at York Factory, 153-155; at the Red River, 157; winters at Pembina, 158; returns to the Forks, 158-159; difficulties in feeding the colonists, 161; beginning of troubles with the North West Company, 161-164; goes to meet new settlers, 163; summoned to Montreal to answer charges, 164; his proclamation, 169; and its effect, 170-171; sends John Spencer to seize North West Company's provisions at Souris River, 171-172; is arrested and taken to Montreal, 174. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_ and _The Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_; Ross, _Red River Settlement_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=MacDonnell, Alan.= =B= Addresses Toronto Board of Trade on importance of acquiring North-West Territories, 216.

=Macdougall, William= (1822-1905). Born in Toronto. Educated at Victoria College, Cobourg; admitted as a solicitor in 1847, and as barrister, 1862. Engaged in journalism; founded the _Canada Farmer_ in 1848, and the _North American_ in 1850. A member of the a.s.sembly from 1858 to 1867; of the Dominion Parliament, 1867-1882; and of the Ontario Legislature, 1875-1878. In 1862-1864 commissioner of crown lands; and provincial secretary, 1864; minister of public works in first Dominion government, 1867; attended the Westminster Conference, 1866-1867; commissioner to London for the acquisition of North-West Territories, 1868; lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 1869; and member of the Ontario Boundary Commission. =Index=: =BL= One of the leaders of the new Radicalism,--editor of the _North American_, 341. =E= A leader of the Clear Grits, 110. =B= A leader of the Clear Grits, 39; a young lawyer and journalist, 40; edits the _North American_, 40; denounces George Brown, 40; secretary of Reform Convention, 1859, 137; suggests joint authority for federal purposes, in Confederation debate, 137; enters coalition ministry, 159; defeated in North Ontario, 160; elected in North Lanark, 160; favours elective Senate, 164; relations with Macdonald, 202-203; defends his action in remaining in coalition ministry after Confederation, 202, 209; his work on the _Globe_, 245.

=H= Accompanies Macdonald to Halifax, 1868, 210; meets Joseph Howe, on his way to Fort Garry to a.s.sume duties of governor, 227; blames Howe for fomenting trouble, 227. =C= On mission for purchase of Hudson's Bay Company's territories, 68; attempts to enter North-West as lieutenant-governor, 69. =R= Graduate of Victoria College, 144. =Md= Minister of public works, 134; agrees to maintenance of coalition, 137; lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 1869, 138; accompanies Macdonald to Halifax, 144; quarrels with Howe, 153, 154; introduces series of resolutions on acquisition of North-West Territories, 156; sent to London to negotiate annexation of territories, 156-157; appointed lieutenant-governor of Rupert's Land, 158; refused admittance to the territory, 159. =T= Enters coalition government, 69; at Charlottetown Conference, 74, 75; at Quebec Conference, 76; enters first Dominion government, 128, 129. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Mace, Sister de.= =L= Her labours in the hospital at Montreal, 91.

=McEvoy, J. M.= =S= His pamphlet on _The Ontario Towns.h.i.+p_ quoted, 89.

=McGee, Thomas D'Arcy= (1825-1868). Emigrated from Ireland to the United States, 1842, and became editor of the Boston _Pilot_; returned to Ireland and edited _The Nation_, the Young Ireland's party organ; fled to New York; came to Canada in 1857. Established and edited the _New Era_ in Montreal; elected to Parliament for the same city; president of Executive Council, 1862-1863; minister of agriculture, 1864-1867. Took a leading part in the movement for the Confederation of the provinces.

Shot by a Fenian, P. J. Whelan, in Ottawa, April 9, 1868, =Index=: =B= On Confederation movement, xi; his speech on Confederation--names founders of movement, 129, 130, 147; in Tache's government, 1864, 149.

=Md= Takes part in debates on resolutions adopted at Quebec Conference, 118. =T= His work for Confederation, 65, 67; at Charlottetown Conference, 74, 75; at Quebec Conference, 76. =Bib.=: Works: _Canadian Ballads_; _Popular History of Ireland_; _Notes on Federal Governments_; _Speeches and Addresses Chiefly on Subject of British American Union_; _Poems_, with biog. sketch by Mrs. J. Sadlier. For his minor publications in Canada, and works published before coming to Canada, _see_ Morgan, _Bib. Can._ For biog., _see_ Taylor, _Brit. Am._ and _Thomas D'Arcy McGee: Sketch of his Life and Death_; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_.

=McGill, James= (1744-1813). Born in Glasgow, Scotland. Emigrated to Canada. For some years engaged in the western fur trade; and in partners.h.i.+p with his brother, Andrew McGill, acquired a large fortune.

Sat in Lower Canada Parliament for several years, and in the Legislative and Executive Councils. An officer of the Montreal militia, and in 1812 brigadier-general. Devoted a large part of his wealth to various inst.i.tutions in Montreal, and was the founder of the university that bears his name. =Index=: =Bk= Founder of McGill University, 100. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._ =See also= McGill University.

=McGill, John= (1752-1834). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Virginia in 1773. Espoused the royal cause in the Revolution; in 1777 a lieutenant in the Loyal Virginians, and in 1782 a captain in the Queen's Rangers.

In 1783 came to St. John, New Brunswick, and in 1792 to Upper Canada.

Became a member of the Executive Council, 1796, and of the Legislative Council, 1797. In 1801 appointed inspector-general of accounts. =Index=: =S= Accompanies Simcoe as commissary of stores, 47; appointed by Simcoe purchasing agent for military supplies, 212; temporarily superseded, but later confirmed in appointment, 213.

=McGill, Peter= (1789-1860). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Canada in 1809; became a wealthy merchant of Montreal. President of the Bank of Montreal, 1834 to 1860. In 1841 appointed to the Legislative Council; Speaker, 1847; a member of the Executive Council. In 1834-1838 chairman of the St. Lawrence and Champlain Railway Company; in 1840-1842 mayor of Montreal. A governor of McGill University; and of Montreal general hospital. =Index=: =Sy= Member of Const.i.tutional a.s.sociation, 112. =E= President of Legislative Council and member of Sherwood administration, 45; his vote helps to keep government in power, 45. =BL= Member of Legislative Council, 1841, 83. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=McGill University.= Founded through the far-sighted liberality of James McGill, a merchant of Montreal, who in his will left his property of Burnside and 10,000 to found the college. It was granted a royal charter in 1820, and opened in 1829. The original bequest proving insufficient to complete the college buildings, a further sum was given by William Molson for that purpose. A new charter was obtained in 1852.

The period of greatest development of the university dates from 1855, when J. W. Dawson was appointed princ.i.p.al. The university has been fortunate in receiving generous bequests from wealthy citizens of Montreal, notably from Peter Redpath, Sir W. C. Macdonald, and Lord Strathcona. =Bib.=: Dawson, _Historical Sketch of McGill University_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 4; _Ency. Brit.; Ency. Amer._

=McGillivray, Simon.= One of the leading partners of the North West Company. Signed the agreement of 1821 under which the Hudson's Bay and North West Companies were amalgamated. =Index=: =MS= His declaration that "Lord Selkirk must be driven to abandon his project, for his success would strike at the very existence of our trade," 172; arrested by Selkirk at Fort William, 189. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=MacGillivray, William.= Born in Scotland. Came to Canada, and entered the service of the North West Company. In 1786-1787 had charge of the North West Company post at Lac des Serpents, in opposition to Roderick McKenzie of the rival Company. In the spring, the two traders with their men set out together for their respective headquarters at Grand Portage, and arrived there side by side, the crews singing in chorus, to the no small amazement of the Grand Portage people. MacGillivray and McKenzie were ever after firm friends. The former became a partner of the North West Company in 1790; signed the agreement of 1804; and was one of the most influential of the _bourgeois_. Fort William was named after him in 1807. Made a legislative councillor of Lower Canada in 1814, in recognition of his services to the government during the War of 1812.

Returned to Scotland before the fusion of the Hudson's Bay Company and North West Company; bought an estate in Argylls.h.i.+re, and died there about 1825. =Index=: =MS= Friendly rivalry with Roderick Mackenzie, of the X Y Company, 15; buys Pond's share in North West Company, 58; Fort William named after, 100. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie Nord-Ouest_.

=M'Govoch.= =Dr= Discharged soldier, offers testimony in Walker case, 35; tried for perjury and sent to prison, 38.

=Machray, Robert= (1831-1904). Born in Scotland. Educated at Aberdeen and Cambridge; ordained deacon, 1855; and priest, 1856; in 1858 elected dean of his college; vicar of Madingley till 1865, when appointed bishop of Rupert's Land; in 1893, on the union of the Anglican churches in Canada, became archbishop of Rupert's Land and primate of all Canada.

Professor of ecclesiastical history and liturgiology in St. John's College, Winnipeg, and chancellor of the University of Manitoba. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; Machray, _Life of Archbishop Machray_; Mockridge, _Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=McIntosh, John.= =Mc= Mackenzie's brother-in-law, 482; house attacked by mob, 482.

=MacIntyre, Duncan.= =Md= Director of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 236.

=Mack, Karl Freiherr von= (1752-1822). =Bk= Austrian general, surrender of, 72.

=Mackay, Alexander.= Accompanied Alexander Mackenzie on his memorable journey of 1793 to the sh.o.r.es of the Pacific. In charge of ile a la Crosse House, 1797-1799; signed the Montreal agreement of 1804, as one of the partners of the North West Company; joined the Pacific Fur Company, 1810, and sailed to Astoria with Franchere that year. Murdered on the _Tonquin_, near Nootka, in 1811. =Index=: =MS= With Mackenzie on expedition to Pacific, 67; at Astoria, 67; killed on the _Tonquin_, 67.

=D= Engaged by Astor for the Pacific, 95; slain by Indians on the _Tonquin_, 95; his widow marries Dr. John McLoughlin, 95; succeeds Douglas in command of northern posts, 187. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_. _See also_ Douglas; Mackenzie; _Tonquin_.

=McKay, James.= Born in Edmonton, Alberta. Educated at the Red River Settlement. For a time in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company. A member of the Council of a.s.siniboia and of the North-West Council.

Appointed to the Legislative Council of Manitoba, 1870. Minister of agriculture, 1875-1878. Died, 1879.

=McKay, Joseph William= (1829-1900). Born at Rupert House, Hudson Bay.

Crossed the mountains to Fort Vancouver in 1844; had charge of various trading posts west of the mountains, and rose to the rank of chief trader; also made important explorations in what is now the province of British Columbia. Became one of the first members of the Legislative a.s.sembly of Vancouver Island, 1855. Retired from the Company's service, 1879. Appointed to the Department of Indian Affairs of Canada in 1883.

=Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.

=McKee, Colonel.= =S= Indian superintendent in the west, 126, 141, 210.

=Bk= His influence over the Indians, 280.

=Mackellar.= =WM= Chief engineer, accompanies Wolfe in reconnaissance of Island of Orleans, 93.

=Mackenzie, Alexander= (1822-1892). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Kingston, Canada, in 1842; in 1848 started in business at Sarnia as builder and contractor; in 1852 editor of the _Lambton s.h.i.+eld_, a reform newspaper; member for Lambton in the provincial Parliament 1861-1867; and from 1867 to 1892 a member of the Dominion Parliament. In 1873 became premier and minister of public works, the first liberal premier of the Dominion. In 1878 his government defeated by the Conservative party. Leader of the opposition until 1880, when he resigned on account of ill-health, but remained in Parliament for some years, being elected for East York in 1882 and 1887. Declined knighthood three times.

=Index=: =Mc= His letter in reference to George Brown, 496. =Md= Leader of opposition in succession to George Brown, 150; Supreme Court organized under his administration, 1875, 151; moves an amendment to the address, 208; called upon to form a ministry, 1873, 211; pessimistic over the Canadian Pacific Railway scheme, 234, 235; replaced in leaders.h.i.+p by Edward Blake, 235, 261. =E= Premier of Liberal government under which simultaneous voting was required by law, 133. =B= Signs requisition to George Brown to stand for Kent, 61; votes against proposal that three members of opposition should enter the government, 157; opposes Reformers taking seats in coalition ministry, but holds that they should give Confederation an outside support, 199, 204; on George Brown's character, 243; on Brown's relations with the parliamentary leaders after retirement, 247-248; on Brown's last days, 257; character of his speeches, 259. =D= His connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway negotiations, 321. =T= His Cabinet, 90; opposes coalition idea, 128; his ministry resigns, 136. =Bib.=: Works: _Speeches in Scotland and Canada_; _Life and Speeches of George Brown_. For biog., _see_ Buckingham and Ross, _Life of Alexander Mackenzie_; Dent, _Can.

Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Leggo, _History of the Administration of the Earl of Dufferin in Canada_; Stewart, _Canada under the Administration of the Earl of Dufferin_.

=Mackenzie, Sir Alexander= (1755-1820). =S= Visits Simcoe, 188; recommends establishment of two trading-posts on Pacific coast, 189.

=MS= Joins North West Company, 7; opposes Selkirk's plans, 7, 146, 151, 159, 167; his death, 8; born 1763 at Stornoway, Island of Lewis, Scotland, 10; parentage, 10; education, 10; emigrates to Canada, 1779, 10; enters fur trade and joins opposition to McTavish, 10, 11; his keenness and daring, 11; leads trading expedition to Detroit, 11; at Grand Portage, 1785, 12; becomes a _bourgeois_, 12; a.s.signed to English River department, 14; friendly relations with officers of rival North West Company, 15; goes to Athabaska, 17; his administrative ability, 17, 18; plans for expansion, 18; sends Leroux to build post on Great Slave Lake, 18; and Boyer to build one on Peace River, 19; describes life of fur trader, 22; his ambitious designs for discovery, 22; unpopular with McTavish, 23; hears of a great river in the north, 31; preparation for his journey, 32; his narrative, 32; his party, 33; sets out June 3, 1789, from Fort Chipewyan, 33; reaches Great Slave Lake, 35; meets Yellow Knife Indians, 36; enters Mackenzie River, 37; meets Slave and Dog-Rib Indians, 28; their account of the river, 38; pa.s.ses mouth of Great Bear River, 28, 47; meets Hare Indians, 39; and Quarrellers, 39; enters the delta, 39; lands on Whale Island, at mouth of the river, 40; erects post with inscription, 40; uncertainty as to his having reached the sea, 43, 61; the return journey, 43; coal seam on fire, 47; difficulties with "English Chief," 45, 46, 48; returns to Great Slave Lake, 48; meets Leroux, 48-49; reaches Chipewyan, Sept. 12, 1789, 50; results of the journey, 50-51; establishes existence and course of Yukon, 50-51; his treatment of natives, 51; his account of fauna, 51; his character, 51-52, 59; winters at Chipewyan, 53; unfriendliness of partners of Company, 53; his project for a journey to the West, 53; goes down to Grand Portage, 53; cool reception there, 54; returns to Chipewyan, 54; his letters, 54; meets Philip Turner, 57; his share in North West Company, 58; goes to England to acquire instruction and instruments for his second journey, 59; returns to Athabaska, 61; preparations for journey to the Pacific, 61; sends men to Peace River to cut timber for a post, 61; leaves Chipewyan, Oct. 10, 1792, 61; ascends Peace River, pa.s.ses the falls and Boyer's "Old Establishment," and reaches Finlay's fort, 62; his method of dealing with the Indians, 62-63; winters at the forks, 63-65; Chinook winds, 65; sets out for the mountains and beyond, 66; members of his party, 67; a man of heroic mould, 68; leaves Finlay's fort, May 9, 1793, 69; describes Peace River, 69; difficulties in crossing the mountains, 70, 72; meets strange Indians, 74; ascends the Parsnip River, 75; reaches its source, 75; descends the Fraser, 77; retraces his steps, and travels overland to the sea, 79-85; describes visit to the Coast Indians, 83; natives refer to Vancouver's party, 85; reaches coast and paints record of his journey on a rock, 86; the return journey, 86; trouble with the natives, 87; reaches Peace River, 88; reaches Finlay's fort, 89; and Chipewyan, 89; leaves the West, 89; increased reputation among partners of North West Company, 92; withdraws from Company and sails for England, 93; publishes his book, 94; King Bernadotte of Sweden's tribute to explorer, 95; Napoleon has his _Voyages_ translated into French, 96, 97; friends.h.i.+p of duke of Kent, 98; receives knighthood, 98; becomes head of X Y Company, 99; elected to Legislature of Lower Canada, 100; returns to Scotland, 1808, 100; opposes Selkirk's scheme, 100; his marriage, 101; his family, 101; his death, March 12, 1820, 102; compared with Selkirk, 209. =D= His expeditions to the Arctic and Pacific, 51; his personality, 52; parentage, 52; arrival in Canada, 53; enters fur trade, 53; in command of Fort Chipewyan, 53; his desire to rival Samuel Hearne, 53; sets out from Chipewyan in 1789 to explore Mackenzie River, 53; river named after him, 53; proves futility of search for North-West Pa.s.sage, 53; visits England and, prepares himself for further discoveries, 53; returns to the West, and leaves Chipewyan, Oct. 10, 1792, for the Pacific, 53; ascends Peace River and crosses the mountains, 54; reaches Tacouche Tesse (Fraser), which he supposes to be the Oregon (Columbia), 54; difficulties and dangers of the journey, 54-55; his printed narrative translated into French for Napoleon, 55; his burial-place, 55; his wife, 55; the legend he printed on a rock on the sh.o.r.es of the Pacific, 56; results of his journey, 56. =Bib.=: _Voyages from Montreal through the Continent of North America_, 1789 and 1793, London, 1801; trans, into French, Paris, 1802. _See also_ his letters, in Roderick McKenzie's _Reminiscences_ (Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois du Nord-Ouest_). For biog., _see_ Willson, _The Great Company_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_.

=Mackenzie, Donald= (1783-1851). Born in Scotland. Emigrated to Canada in 1800, and engaged in the service of the North West Company for several years. In 1809 a.s.sociated with John Jacob Astor in fur-trading on the Columbia. Returned to the service of the North West Company; and in 1821, on its absorption by the Hudson's Bay Company, became a chief factor in the united Company. In 1825 appointed governor of the Red River Settlement, and held the position till 1832, when he retired to the United States. Died at Mayville, New York. =Index=: =MS= Chief factor, and afterwards governor, of a.s.siniboia, 222. =Bib.=: Bryce, _The Romantic Settlement of Lord Selkirk's Colonists_.

=Mackenzie, Geddes.= =MS= Marries Sir Alexander Mackenzie, 101; her parentage, 101.

=Mackenzie, George.= =Md= Macdonald studies law in his office, 4; death of, 9.

=Mackenzie, Hope.= =B= Moves approval of George Brown's course in Confederation negotiations, 156-157.

=Mackenzie, Isabel.= =Mc= Wife of William Lyon Mackenzie, granted $4000 by Parliament, 240; at Navy Island, 424; death of, 508.

=McKenzie, Roderick.= Cousin of Sir Alexander Mackenzie. Came to Canada from Scotland in 1784, and entered the service of the fur-trading firm of Gregory, McTavish & Co., of Montreal. The following year reached Grand Portage, where employed as a clerk. Accompanied his cousin to the far West in 1786; built the original Fort Chipewyan, on the south sh.o.r.e of Lake Athabaska, in 1788; and in charge of the post during Alexander Mackenzie's expeditions of 1789 and 1792 to the Arctic and Pacific. In 1797, on his way to Montreal, after a long absence, rediscovered the old Kaministiquia route, first discovered by the French many years before, but afterwards abandoned. Became a partner of the North West Company, 1799; and signed the Montreal agreement of 1804 by which the X Y Company was absorbed by the North West Company. A year or two later retired from the fur trade, and began gathering material for a history of the North West Company. The work was never published, nor even completed, but many of the original journals which were to have formed its basis are included in Ma.s.son's _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_. Settled at Terrebonne, in Lower Canada, and became a member of the Legislative Council of the province. =Index=: =MS= Joins X Y Company, 14; friendly rivalry with McGillivray (North West Company) in English River department, 15; at ile a la Crosse, 16; brings news of death of Ross to Grand Portage, 16; joins his cousin Alexander Mackenzie in Athabaska department, 23; their friends.h.i.+p, 23; his _Reminiscences_, 24; builds Fort Chipewyan, 24; plans library there, 26; winters there, 1788-1789, 27; at Chipewyan, 53; goes down to Grand Portage, 53; sent to Great Slave Lake, 54. =Bib.=: _Reminiscences_ in Ma.s.son, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Mackenzie, William Lyon= (1795-1861). =Mc= His personality, Goldwin Smith on, 3; Dr. Harrison on, 4; W. J. Rattray on, 5, 6; first to enunciate principle of responsible government, 5; "a man ahead of his time," 6; his loyalty, 10; not an annexationist, 11; const.i.tutional reformer, 12; parentage and ancestry, 34-36; defends himself from charges of disloyalty, 36-38; books read by him from 1806 to 1809, 40, 41; enters commerce, 41, 42; goes to Canada, 43; physical description of, 43; joins survey of Lachine Ca.n.a.l, 44; enters business with John Lesslie, 44; moves to Queenston, 44; marries, 45; declares war on Const.i.tutional Act, 72; starts _Colonial Advocate_, 85; describes Upper Canada in 1820, 85-87; warns Canadians against union with United States, 87, 97; att.i.tude on Clergy Reserves, 94; advocates provincial university, 95; reforms advocated by, which have come into effect, 97, 98; defends himself against disloyalty charge, 98-101; advocates federation of all North American colonies, 104, 105; moves to York, 106; pictures life of editors, 111; a.s.sists to bring about a party revolution, 112; mob destroys _Colonial Advocate_, 113; Macaulay offers damages, 115; personal attacks, 117-120; Macaulay's treatment of, 121-123; retaliates, 124, 125; answers Macaulay's pamphlet, 126; gets 625 damages, 129; refuses to prosecute criminally, 129; indicted for libel, 130; prosecution abandoned, 135; friends.h.i.+p of Robert Randal, 138; secures Randal's mission to England, 139; advocates responsible government, 146, 148; elected for York, 150; moves committal of Allan MacNab, 152; chairman of committee on post-office, 153; chairman of committee on privileges of House, 154; carries many motions and addresses, 154; introduces Thirty-two Resolutions, 155; opinions stated, 156; visits New York, 157; letter in _National Gazette_, 158; supports Robert Baldwin, 159; chairman of committee on banking, 161, 162; moves Libel Bill, 162, 163; letters to Sir John Colborne, 164; advocates responsible government, 166, 167; appeal to the people of Upper Canada, 168; re-elected for York, 169; banks oppose, 170; gets committee on state of representation, 171; committee reports, 175; he prints journals of House, 172; accused of printing libel on House, 175; arouses Upper Canada, 176, 177; visits Quebec, 178; first expulsion from a.s.sembly, 181-201; libel complained of, 182, 183; his speech in his defence, 185; House refuses committee of inquiry, 201; pet.i.tions to the governor, 203; governor's answer, 203; backed up by the people, 204; again elected, 205; presented by const.i.tuents with gold medal, 205; second expulsion moved, 207; defends himself, 209; expelled a second time, 209; appeals to electors, 210-213; again elected, 215; attempt to a.s.sa.s.sinate, 219; _Colonial Advocate_ office again attacked, 221; his mission to England, 221; estimate of Earl Grey, 221; his friends.h.i.+p with Joseph Hume, 222; introduces George Ryerson to Lord G.o.derich, 223; offered management of post-office department, 225; prepares statement for minister, 226; reply to Lord G.o.derich, 227; concessions obtained, 227-230; third expulsion, 232, 242; secures dismissal of Boulton and Hagerman, 232; scheme of post-office reform, 236; asks control of post-office revenue for Canadians, 236; obtains veto of Bank Charter Acts, 237; introduces Egerton Ryerson to colonial office, 238; publishes _Sketches of Canada and the United States_, 238; visits Scotland, 239; pays old creditors, 239; refuses banquets in Montreal and Quebec, 240; left to pay his own expenses, 240; unanimously re-elected for the third time, 242; not permitted to take oath, 242; new election ordered, 244; unanimously re-elected for the fourth time, 244; ejected from the House, 245; governor orders that he be allowed to take oath, 248; takes the oath, 251; again ejected from the House, 252; first mayor of Toronto, 255; designs city arms, 256; helps cholera patients, 256; takes cholera, 257; defeated for second mayoralty term, 257; forms Canadian Alliance Society, 258; retires from journalism, 259; estimate of, as a journalist, 260; again elected for York, 261; obtains select "Committee on Grievances," 263; obtains committee on Welland ca.n.a.l, 264; appointed director, 264; antic.i.p.ates official report of ca.n.a.l committee, 265; sued for libel, 265; report of "Committee on Grievances," 270; urges responsible government, 279; visits Quebec, 287; meets Papineau, 288; opposes British restraint on trade, 292; antic.i.p.ates Reciprocity Treaty, 292; defeated for the House, 308; claims the election was unfair, 309-314; insulted by Tory press, 317; his replies, 318; visits New York, 320; begins the _Const.i.tution_, 320; "Declaration of Independence" of Upper Canada, 329, 330; meetings at Doel's brewery, 330-332; becomes agent of convention committee, 332; addresses nearly two hundred public meetings, 333-338; advises run on Bank of Upper Canada, 340; second meeting at Doel's brewery, 346; urges seizing arms and proclaiming provisional government, 349; drafts const.i.tution, 355; organizes Rebellion, 359; warrant issued for his arrest, 360; tries to correct Rolph's mistake, 361; his advice disregarded, 362; sets out for the city, 363; again proposes to march on the city, 366; meets Head's flag of truce, 367, 368; urges Lount to march into the city, 371; skirmish at Montgomery's tavern, 379; ransom offered for, 380; account of his escape, 381 _et seq._; addresses Buffalo audience, 411; meets Van Rensselaer, 412; Head seeks his extradition, 414; occupies Navy Island, 415; president of provisional government, 416; arrested at Buffalo, 424; threats of a.s.sa.s.sination, 428; abandons Van Rensselaer, 430; visits New York and Philadelphia, 433; begins _Mackenzie's Gazette_, 433; no connection with later frontier movements, 439, 444, 446; moves to Rochester, 448; forms a.s.sociation of Canadian refugees, 448; tried for breach of neutrality laws, 452; found guilty, 454; his sentence, 454; rigorous treatment in gaol, 455-458; released, 459; publishes _Caroline Almanac_, 459; his exchange attempted, 463; attempts to kidnap him, 464; publishes _Volunteer_, 467; moves to New York, 468; appointed to Mechanics' Inst.i.tute, 468; publishes _Lives of one Thousand Remarkable Irishmen_, 469; publishes the _Examiner_, 470; appointed to New York customs house, 470; publishes _Lives of Butler and Hoyt_, in 1845, 471; and _Life and Times of Martin Van Buren_, 1846, 472; goes on _Tribune_, 472; Hume's letter to, 475; writes to Earl Grey, 479; amnestied, 480; visits Toronto, 481; brings family back, 486; elected for Haldimand, 486; his relations with George Brown, 487; his work in Parliament, 492; again elected for Haldimand, 497; resigns, 498; later parliamentary life, 500; love of his children, 504; Buchanan's proffered friends.h.i.+p, 504; Robert Hay's generosity, 505; offered office, 505; publishes _Mackenzie's Message_, 505; friends purchase homestead for, 505; financial difficulties, 506; declining health, 506; death of, Aug. 28, 1861, 507; funeral, 507, 508; one of the founders of St. Andrew's Church, 507; tributes of the press, 509-523. =Md= Leads Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada, 7; supports Brown in his quarrel with Macdonald, 81. =R= Views on relation of church and state in 1824, 45; his work for popular government, 66; his policy, 111; his "Seventh Report on Grievances," 112; opposes separate schools, 224. =B= His return to Canada, 36; burnt in effigy at Toronto, 36; defeats George Brown in Haldimand, 40, 44, 46; his resolution for abolition of Court of Chancery, 47. =BL= His parentage, 12; early days in Canada, 12, 13; in politics, 13-16, 26, 27, 33; aids Baldwin to secure seat in Legislature, 31; organizes revolutionary clubs, etc., 43; his proposed const.i.tution for Upper Canada, 43; plans attack on Toronto by rebels, 43; described as a "mountebank," 120; his correspondence with Hume and Roebuck, 229; founds Canadian Alliance a.s.sociation, 1834, 229; returns to Canada, 312, 318, 319; one of the leaders of the new Radicalism, 340-341; brings in motion to abolish Court of Chancery, 352. =Sy= Reform party falsely identified with his proceedings, 85, 138. =E= And the Rebellion of 1837, 17; leads Radical wing of Liberal party, in Upper Canada, 21, 22; and parliamentary government, 51; and MacNab, 75, 76; returns from his exile, 91; causes of his failure as a political leader, 91-93; proposes abolition of Court of Chancery, 103, 112; defeats George Brown, 113; attacks the government, 127; aftermath of the Rebellion, 190. =P= His correspondence with Papineau, 189. =H= Effect of his action in Upper Canada, upon popular party, in Nova Scotia, 49. =Bib.=: Works: _Life and Times of Martin Van Buren_; _Life and Opinions of B. F. Butler_; _Sketches of Canada and the United States_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Lindsey, _Life and Times of W. L. McKenzie_; Dent, _Can.

Por._, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_, and _Last Forty Years_; King, _Other Side of the Story_; Read, _Rebellion of 1837_. _See also_ Rebellion of 1837 (Upper Canada.)

=Mackenzie River.= Named after Sir Alexander Mackenzie, who explored it from Great Slave Lake to the Arctic in 1789. It was known at one time as Disappointment River. Its ultimate source is in Thutage Lake, the headwaters of the Finlay in northern British Columbia. Its total length from Thutage Lake to the sea is 2525 miles. The Hudson's Bay Company has the following trading-posts on the main stream: Fort Providence, near entrance of Great Slave Lake; Fort Simpson, at the mouth of the Liard; Fort Wrigley, in lat. 63; Fort Norman, at the mouth of Great Bear River; Fort Good Hope near the Ramparts; and Fort MacPherson on Peel River. The Company now operates a steamer from Fort Smith, on Slave River, to the Arctic Ocean. =Index=: =MS= Alexander Mackenzie discovers and explores, 37-48; "Great River," 53; Mackenzie refers to as "River Disappointment," 55. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _Voyages_; Franklin, _Narrative of Second Expedition_; Richardson, _Arctic Searching Expedition_; Cameron, _The New North_.

=Mackenzie's Message.= Published at Toronto. =Index=: =Mc= Newspaper, published 1853, 505.

=McKim, R. P.= =T= a.s.sists at funeral service of Sir Leonard Tilley, 146.

=McLachlan, Alexander= (1818-1896). Born in Scotland. Came to Canada, 1840; engaged in farming. Government emigration agent for Scotland, 1862. Collected edition of his _Poems_ published, 1900. =Bib.=: MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.

=McLane, David.= =Dr= Hanged for treason, 301.