Christianity - The First Three Thousand Years Part 35

63 Snyder, 170, 204 - 5, 211. Snyder, 170, 204 - 5, 211.

64 J. E. Frazier, J. E. Frazier, Maurice Durufle: The Man and His Music Maurice Durufle: The Man and His Music (Rochester, NY, 2007), 3, 156-65, 168-9. For an introduction to the Vichy regime, see Atkin and Tallett, (Rochester, NY, 2007), 3, 156-65, 168-9. For an introduction to the Vichy regime, see Atkin and Tallett, Priests, Prelates and People Priests, Prelates and People, 247 - 54.

65 Judicious recent summaries of the results of a vast field of research are Atkin and Tallett, Judicious recent summaries of the results of a vast field of research are Atkin and Tallett, Priests, Prelates and People Priests, Prelates and People, 244-7, and Duffy, 345 - 50 (quotation at 348).

66 Snyder, 124-5, 160, 165; a fine biography of Sheptyts'kyi is A. Krawchuk, Snyder, 124-5, 160, 165; a fine biography of Sheptyts'kyi is A. Krawchuk, Christian Social Ethics in Ukraine: The Legacy of Andrei Sheptytsky Christian Social Ethics in Ukraine: The Legacy of Andrei Sheptytsky (Edmonton, Ottawa and Toronto, 1997), esp. xv, Ch. 5 (quotation at 213) and 266-7. (Edmonton, Ottawa and Toronto, 1997), esp. xv, Ch. 5 (quotation at 213) and 266-7.

67 Hockenos, Hockenos, A Church Divided A Church Divided, esp. 171-7.

68 The more frequent formulation that the n.a.z.is' ultimate aim was to destroy Christianity altogether is open to question: Steigmann-Gall, The more frequent formulation that the n.a.z.is' ultimate aim was to destroy Christianity altogether is open to question: Steigmann-Gall, The Holy Reich The Holy Reich, 261 - 7.

69 G. Zahn, G. Zahn, In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz Jagerstatter In Solitary Witness: The Life and Death of Franz Jagerstatter (Springfield, IL, 1964), esp. 36-9, 46 - 8, 63-4, 144. (Springfield, IL, 1964), esp. 36-9, 46 - 8, 63-4, 144.

70 Hastings, Hastings, A History of English Christianity 1920 - 1985 A History of English Christianity 1920 - 1985, 374 - 80. I feel highly honoured to have been given Bishop Bell's robes as Oxford Doctor of Divinity by Mrs Anne Baelz, widow of the former Dean of Durham, and express my grat.i.tude to her.

71 V. N. Nersessian, 'Armenian Christianity', in Parry (ed.), 23 - 46, at 42. V. N. Nersessian, 'Armenian Christianity', in Parry (ed.), 23 - 46, at 42.

72 E. E. Roslof, E. E. Roslof, Red Priests: Renovationism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Revolution, 1905- 1946 Red Priests: Renovationism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Revolution, 1905- 1946 (Bloomington, 2002), esp. 198-205. For a pioneering Western account of the Orthodox Church in the decades after the Second World War, see T. Beeson, (Bloomington, 2002), esp. 198-205. For a pioneering Western account of the Orthodox Church in the decades after the Second World War, see T. Beeson, Discretion and Valour: Religious Conditions in Russia and Eastern Europe Discretion and Valour: Religious Conditions in Russia and Eastern Europe (London, 1974), Ch. 3. (London, 1974), Ch. 3.

73 Snyder, 178. Snyder, 178.

74 A superb survey of these issues is T. Judt, A superb survey of these issues is T. Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 (London, 2005), Chs. 1-3. (London, 2005), Chs. 1-3.

75 Hastings, Hastings, A History of English Christianity 1920-1985 A History of English Christianity 1920-1985, Chs. 30, 31; R. English, Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland Irish Freedom: The History of Nationalism in Ireland (London, 2006), 346 - 55. (London, 2006), 346 - 55.

76 M. Pattenden, 'The Canonisation of Clare of a.s.sisi and Early Franciscan History', M. Pattenden, 'The Canonisation of Clare of a.s.sisi and Early Franciscan History', JEH JEH, 59 (2008), 208 - 26, at 226; on Pius XII's last years, see Duffy, 350 - 54.

77 The spelling 'Oec.u.menical' is now customarily reserved for the Patriarch of Constantinople and the early councils of the Church, while 'Ec.u.menical' describes the modern movement towards Church unity. The spelling 'Oec.u.menical' is now customarily reserved for the Patriarch of Constantinople and the early councils of the Church, while 'Ec.u.menical' describes the modern movement towards Church unity.

78 K. Clements, K. Clements, Faith on the Frontier: A Life of J. H. Oldham Faith on the Frontier: A Life of J. H. Oldham (Edinburgh, 1999), esp. 5 - 14, 18-22, 43 - 54. On the missionary voyage of the (Edinburgh, 1999), esp. 5 - 14, 18-22, 43 - 54. On the missionary voyage of the Duff Duff, see pp. 875 - 6.

79 Clements, Clements, Faith on the Frontier Faith on the Frontier, 2, 270 - 74, 277, 286.

80 On early aspirations to Anglican-Roman reunion, see M. D. Chapman, 'The Fantasy of Reunion: The Rise and Fall of the a.s.sociation for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom', On early aspirations to Anglican-Roman reunion, see M. D. Chapman, 'The Fantasy of Reunion: The Rise and Fall of the a.s.sociation for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom', JEH JEH, 58 (2007), 49-74.

81 Koschorke et al. (eds.), 95. On the 1910 Conference, see Clements, Koschorke et al. (eds.), 95. On the 1910 Conference, see Clements, Faith on the Frontier Faith on the Frontier, Ch. 5.

82 D. Carter, 'The Ec.u.menical Movement in Its Early Years', D. Carter, 'The Ec.u.menical Movement in Its Early Years', JEH JEH, 49 (1998), 465-85, esp. 477-8.

83 J. Nurser, J. Nurser, For All Peoples and All Nations: Christian Churches and Human Rights For All Peoples and All Nations: Christian Churches and Human Rights (Geneva, 2005); for a different perspective bypa.s.sing this background and emphasizing Great Power politics, Mazower, 'The Strange Triumph of Human Rights, 1933 - 1950'. (Geneva, 2005); for a different perspective bypa.s.sing this background and emphasizing Great Power politics, Mazower, 'The Strange Triumph of Human Rights, 1933 - 1950'.

84 Hastings, Hastings, A History of English Christianity 1920 - 1985 A History of English Christianity 1920 - 1985, 97.

85 The Lambeth Conferences (1867-1948): The Reports of the 1920, 1930, and 1948 Conferences, with Selected Resolutions from the Conferences of 1867, 1878, 1888, 1897 and 1908 The Lambeth Conferences (1867-1948): The Reports of the 1920, 1930, and 1948 Conferences, with Selected Resolutions from the Conferences of 1867, 1878, 1888, 1897 and 1908 (London, 1948), 119 - 24, at 120. (London, 1948), 119 - 24, at 120.

86 For their beginnings in the seventeenth century, see pp. 500-501. For their beginnings in the seventeenth century, see pp. 500-501.

87 Geffert, 'Anglican Orders and Orthodox Politics', Geffert, 'Anglican Orders and Orthodox Politics', pa.s.sim pa.s.sim.

88 See statements in the Const.i.tution of 1947: Koschorke et al. (eds.), 115. See statements in the Const.i.tution of 1947: Koschorke et al. (eds.), 115.

89 Carter, 'Ec.u.menical Movement in Its Early Years', 484-5. Carter, 'Ec.u.menical Movement in Its Early Years', 484-5.

90 Hastings, Hastings, A History of English Christianity 1920 - 1985 A History of English Christianity 1920 - 1985, 468 - 9.

91 G. Wacker, 'Travail of a Broken Family: Evangelical Responses to Pentecostalism in America, 1906 - 1916', G. Wacker, 'Travail of a Broken Family: Evangelical Responses to Pentecostalism in America, 1906 - 1916', JEH JEH, 47 (1996), 505 - 28, at 528.

92 Anderson, 47 - 9. Anderson, 47 - 9.

93 E. W. Gritsch, E. W. Gritsch, Born Againism: Perspectives on a Movement Born Againism: Perspectives on a Movement (Philadelphia, 1982), 76-7; T. J. Hangen, (Philadelphia, 1982), 76-7; T. J. Hangen, Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion and Popular Culture in America Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion and Popular Culture in America (Chapel Hill and London, 2002), Ch. 3. (Chapel Hill and London, 2002), Ch. 3.

94 S. Coleman, S. Coleman, The Globalisation of Charismatic Christianity: Spreading the Gospel of Prosperity The Globalisation of Charismatic Christianity: Spreading the Gospel of Prosperity (Cambridge, 2000), 27-31, 42-3; Anderson, 145, 157-8, 220-21. For a critique of the 'Prosperity Gospel' in Ghanaian neo-Pentecostalism, see J. K. Asamoah-Gyadu, (Cambridge, 2000), 27-31, 42-3; Anderson, 145, 157-8, 220-21. For a critique of the 'Prosperity Gospel' in Ghanaian neo-Pentecostalism, see J. K. Asamoah-Gyadu, African Charismatics: Current Developments within Independent Indigenous Pentecostalism in Ghana African Charismatics: Current Developments within Independent Indigenous Pentecostalism in Ghana (Leiden, 2005), Ch. 7. (Leiden, 2005), Ch. 7.

95 Anderson, 247, 250. Anderson, 247, 250.

96 M. Kazin, M. Kazin, A G.o.dly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan A G.o.dly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (New York, 2006), esp. 109-18, 285-95. For Darrow's previous greatest (New York, 2006), esp. 109-18, 285-95. For Darrow's previous greatest cause celebre cause celebre in 1912, in which his oratory successfully swept aside an almost inevitable conviction for bribery, see G. Cowan, in 1912, in which his oratory successfully swept aside an almost inevitable conviction for bribery, see G. Cowan, The People v. Clarence Darrow: The Bribery Trial of America's Greatest Lawyer The People v. Clarence Darrow: The Bribery Trial of America's Greatest Lawyer (New York, 1993), esp. 391-407. (New York, 1993), esp. 391-407.

97 Handy, 285. Handy, 285.

98 Hangen, Hangen, Redeeming the Dial Redeeming the Dial, esp. 1 - 2, 8 - 13, 19 and Ch. 4.

99 Aladura const.i.tution, qu. C. G. Baeta, Aladura const.i.tution, qu. C. G. Baeta, Prophetism in Ghana: A Study of Some 'Spiritual' Churches Prophetism in Ghana: A Study of Some 'Spiritual' Churches (2nd edn, Achimota, 2004), 114 - 16. (2nd edn, Achimota, 2004), 114 - 16.

100 Hastings, 502-4; J. Cabrita, 'Isaiah Shembe's Theological Nationalism, 1920s-1935', Hastings, 502-4; J. Cabrita, 'Isaiah Shembe's Theological Nationalism, 1920s-1935', Journal of Southern African Studies Journal of Southern African Studies (forthcoming, 2009). I am very grateful to Joel Cabrita for our discussions of Shembe. (forthcoming, 2009). I am very grateful to Joel Cabrita for our discussions of Shembe.

101 Sundkler and Steed, 780-83; quotation from an early testimony after his death to the effect that he had had, Koschorke et al. (eds.), 260-61. Sundkler and Steed, 780-83; quotation from an early testimony after his death to the effect that he had had, Koschorke et al. (eds.), 260-61.

102 Sundkler and Steed, 408, 906. Sundkler and Steed, 408, 906.

103 D. L. Hodgson, D. L. Hodgson, The Church of Women: Gendered Encounters between Maasai and Missionaries The Church of Women: Gendered Encounters between Maasai and Missionaries (Bloomington, 2005), esp. 56 - 9, 122, 180-87, 211 - 22, 226. (Bloomington, 2005), esp. 56 - 9, 122, 180-87, 211 - 22, 226.

104 Anderson, 72. Anderson, 72.

25: Culture Wars (1960-Present) 1 That original gravesite in the crypt is now occupied by Pope John Paul II, which some might find a second irony. That original gravesite in the crypt is now occupied by Pope John Paul II, which some might find a second irony.

2 The definitive though monumental account of the Council is provided by G. Alberigo et al. (eds.), The definitive though monumental account of the Council is provided by G. Alberigo et al. (eds.), History of Vatican II History of Vatican II (5 vols., Maryknoll, 1995-2006). (5 vols., Maryknoll, 1995-2006).

3 J. W. O'Malley, 'Trent and Vatican II: Two Styles of Church', in R. F. Bulman and F. J. Parrella (eds.), J. W. O'Malley, 'Trent and Vatican II: Two Styles of Church', in R. F. Bulman and F. J. Parrella (eds.), From Trent to Vatican II: Historical and Theological Investigations From Trent to Vatican II: Historical and Theological Investigations (Oxford, 2006), 301-20, at 309. (Oxford, 2006), 301-20, at 309.

4 H. Chadwick, 'Paul VI and Vatican II', H. Chadwick, 'Paul VI and Vatican II', JEH JEH, 41 (1990), 463 - 9, at 464.

5 Duffy, 358-9. Duffy, 358-9.

6 R. P. McBrien, 'The Church ( R. P. McBrien, 'The Church (Lumen Gentium)', in M. A. Hayes and L. Gearon, Contemporary Catholic Theology: A Reader Contemporary Catholic Theology: A Reader (Leominster, 1998), 279 - 93, at 279 - 80. (Leominster, 1998), 279 - 93, at 279 - 80.

7 Chadwick, 'Paul VI and Vatican II', 466. Chadwick, 'Paul VI and Vatican II', 466.

8 R. Shortt, R. Shortt, Benedict XVI: Commander of the Faith Benedict XVI: Commander of the Faith (London, 2005), 37. (London, 2005), 37.

9 J. Cornwell, J. Cornwell, The Pope in Winter: The Dark Face of John Paul II's Papacy The Pope in Winter: The Dark Face of John Paul II's Papacy (London, 2004), 40 - 42; Shortt, (London, 2004), 40 - 42; Shortt, Benedict XVI Benedict XVI, 41-2.

10 V. H. H. Green, V. H. H. Green, A New History of Christianity A New History of Christianity (Stroud, 1996), 337. (Stroud, 1996), 337.

11 Chadwick, 'Paul VI and Vatican II', 468-9; M. J. Wilde, Chadwick, 'Paul VI and Vatican II', 468-9; M. J. Wilde, Vatican II: A Sociological a.n.a.lysis of Religious Change Vatican II: A Sociological a.n.a.lysis of Religious Change (Princeton, 2007), 102 - 15. (Princeton, 2007), 102 - 15.

12 The Lambeth Conferences (1867-1948): The Reports of the 1920, 1930, and 1948 Conferences, with Selected Resolutions from the Conferences of 1867, 1878, 1888, 1897 and 1908 The Lambeth Conferences (1867-1948): The Reports of the 1920, 1930, and 1948 Conferences, with Selected Resolutions from the Conferences of 1867, 1878, 1888, 1897 and 1908 (London, 1948), 50, 200, 295. (London, 1948), 50, 200, 295.

13 Wilde, Wilde, Vatican II Vatican II, 116-25; R. McClory, Turning Point: The Inside Story of the Papal Birth Control Commission Turning Point: The Inside Story of the Papal Birth Control Commission, and How and How Humanae Vitae Humanae Vitae Changed the Life of Patty Crowley and the Future of the Church Changed the Life of Patty Crowley and the Future of the Church (New York, 1995), esp. Chs. 11, 14. (New York, 1995), esp. Chs. 11, 14.

14 'Mis recuerdos de Pablo VI: Entrevista con el Cardenal Vicente Enrique y Tarancon', in [no editor named], 'Mis recuerdos de Pablo VI: Entrevista con el Cardenal Vicente Enrique y Tarancon', in [no editor named], Pablo VI y Espana: Giornata di studio, Madrid, 20-21 maggio 1994 Pablo VI y Espana: Giornata di studio, Madrid, 20-21 maggio 1994 (Brescia, 1996), 242 - 62, at 256-7. (Brescia, 1996), 242 - 62, at 256-7.

15 For an introduction to the dimensions of the changes perhaps more irenical than my account, J. J. Boyce, 'Singing a New Song unto the Lord: Catholic Church Music', in Bulman and Parrella (eds.), For an introduction to the dimensions of the changes perhaps more irenical than my account, J. J. Boyce, 'Singing a New Song unto the Lord: Catholic Church Music', in Bulman and Parrella (eds.), From Trent to Vatican II From Trent to Vatican II, 137 - 59.

16 Shortt, Shortt, Benedict XVI Benedict XVI, 25, 39 - 40, 51 - 2.

17 Matthew 6.28-33/Luke 12.27-31. Matthew 6.28-33/Luke 12.27-31.

18 P. Kennedy, P. Kennedy, A Modern Introduction to Theology: New Questions for Old Beliefs A Modern Introduction to Theology: New Questions for Old Beliefs (London, 2006), Ch. 9. (London, 2006), Ch. 9.

19 A. T. Hennelly (ed.), A. T. Hennelly (ed.), Liberation Theology: A Doc.u.mentary History Liberation Theology: A Doc.u.mentary History (Maryknoll, 1990), 116, 254. (Maryknoll, 1990), 116, 254.

20 G. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation (London, 1974; first published 1971), esp. 6 - 19, 289 - 91. (London, 1974; first published 1971), esp. 6 - 19, 289 - 91.

21 P. Harvey, P. Harvey, Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era (Chapel Hill, 2005), at 76. (Chapel Hill, 2005), at 76.

22 T. Branch, T. Branch, At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68 At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68 (New York and London, 2006), Chs. 2 - 10. (New York and London, 2006), Chs. 2 - 10.

23 Ibid., 114, 756 - 8. Ibid., 114, 756 - 8.

24 J.-K. Kwon, 'A Sketch for a New Minjung Theology', J.-K. Kwon, 'A Sketch for a New Minjung Theology', Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology in East Asia Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology in East Asia, 1/1 (June 2004), 49-69; J.-K. Kwon, 'Social Movement as the Ground for Minjung Theology', Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology in East Asia Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology in East Asia, 4 (December 2005), 63 - 75.

25 Mark 8.34. V. Kuster, 'Contextual Transformations: Minjung Theology Yesterday and Today', Mark 8.34. V. Kuster, 'Contextual Transformations: Minjung Theology Yesterday and Today', Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology in East Asia Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology in East Asia, 5 (June 2006), 23-43.

26 W. Manzanza Mwanangombe, W. Manzanza Mwanangombe, La Const.i.tution de la hierarchie ecclesiastique au Congo belge (10 novembre 1959): prodromes et realisation La Const.i.tution de la hierarchie ecclesiastique au Congo belge (10 novembre 1959): prodromes et realisation (Frankfurt am Main, 2002). On A. A. J. van Bilsen's (Frankfurt am Main, 2002). On A. A. J. van Bilsen's Vers l'independence du Congo et du Ruanda-Urundi Vers l'independence du Congo et du Ruanda-Urundi (Brussels, 1956), see Sundkler and Steed, 901 - 2. (Brussels, 1956), see Sundkler and Steed, 901 - 2.

27 K. Ward, 'Africa', in Hastings (ed.), 192 - 237, at 227. K. Ward, 'Africa', in Hastings (ed.), 192 - 237, at 227.

28 T. O. Ranger (ed.), T. O. Ranger (ed.), Evangelical Christianity and Democracy in Africa Evangelical Christianity and Democracy in Africa (Oxford, 2008), x and xviii n. 10. (Oxford, 2008), x and xviii n. 10.

29 Sundkler and Steed, 818-25. Sundkler and Steed, 818-25.

30 Ibid., 992 - 3. Ibid., 992 - 3.

31 P. McGrandle, P. McGrandle, Trevor Huddleston: Turbulent Priest Trevor Huddleston: Turbulent Priest (New York, 2004), v. (New York, 2004), v.

32 D. Herbstein, D. Herbstein, White Lies: Canon Collins and the Secret War against Apartheid White Lies: Canon Collins and the Secret War against Apartheid (Cape Town, 2004), esp. 21 - 6, 103-4, 138 - 41, 328. (Cape Town, 2004), esp. 21 - 6, 103-4, 138 - 41, 328.

33 A modified version of both anthems remains the official national anthem of the Republic. A modified version of both anthems remains the official national anthem of the Republic.

34 Koschorke et al. (eds.), 265 - 7. Koschorke et al. (eds.), 265 - 7.

35 J. A. Harrill, J. A. Harrill, Slaves in the New Testament: Literary, Social and Moral Dimensions Slaves in the New Testament: Literary, Social and Moral Dimensions (Minneapolis, 2006), 193-4. See p. 908 for similar action from the Mormons. (Minneapolis, 2006), 193-4. See p. 908 for similar action from the Mormons.

36 H. McLeod, H. McLeod, The Religious Crisis of the 1960s The Religious Crisis of the 1960s (Oxford, 2007), 3. For an entertaining and perhaps surprisingly perky variety of perspectives on secularization in Britain, see J. Garnett et al. (eds.), (Oxford, 2007), 3. For an entertaining and perhaps surprisingly perky variety of perspectives on secularization in Britain, see J. Garnett et al. (eds.), Redefining Christian Britain: Post-1945 Perspectives Redefining Christian Britain: Post-1945 Perspectives (London, 2007). (London, 2007).

37 G. Therborn, G. Therborn, Between s.e.x and Power: Family in the World 1900 - 2000 Between s.e.x and Power: Family in the World 1900 - 2000 (London, 2004), 163-6, 198. (London, 2004), 163-6, 198.

38 M. Walsh, 'Gendering Mobility: Women, Work and Automobility in the United States', M. Walsh, 'Gendering Mobility: Women, Work and Automobility in the United States', History History, 93 (2008), 376 - 95, at 385; McLeod, The Religious Crisis of the 1960s The Religious Crisis of the 1960s, 169 - 75.

39 R. Sykes, 'Popular Religion in Decline: A Study from the Black Country', R. Sykes, 'Popular Religion in Decline: A Study from the Black Country', JEH JEH, 56 (2005), 287 - 307, at 297, 300 (italics in the original).

40 G. Parsons, 'How the Times They Were a-Changing: Exploring the Context of Religious Transformation in Britain in the 1960s', in Wolffe (ed.), 161 - 89, at 164. I can testify the same phenomenon from my own rural East Anglian boyhood in the 1950s and 1960s. G. Parsons, 'How the Times They Were a-Changing: Exploring the Context of Religious Transformation in Britain in the 1960s', in Wolffe (ed.), 161 - 89, at 164. I can testify the same phenomenon from my own rural East Anglian boyhood in the 1950s and 1960s.

41 M. Seymour, M. Seymour, Debating Divorce in Italy: Marriage and the Making of Modern Italians, 1860 - 1974 Debating Divorce in Italy: Marriage and the Making of Modern Italians, 1860 - 1974 (New York and Basingstoke, 2006), 166-8, Ch. 8. (New York and Basingstoke, 2006), 166-8, Ch. 8.

42 Therborn, Therborn, Between s.e.x and Power Between s.e.x and Power, 199.

43 M. Grimley, 'Law, Morality and Secularisation: The Church of England and the Wolfenden Report, 1954 -1967', M. Grimley, 'Law, Morality and Secularisation: The Church of England and the Wolfenden Report, 1954 -1967', JEH JEH 60 (2009), 744-60. In a strange oversight, Canon Sherwin Bailey has not yet been noticed by the 60 (2009), 744-60. In a strange oversight, Canon Sherwin Bailey has not yet been noticed by the ODNB ODNB: among his writings on marriage and gender relations, his study h.o.m.os.e.xuality and the Western Christian Tradition h.o.m.os.e.xuality and the Western Christian Tradition (London, 1955) is a key work in the evolution of British att.i.tudes to s.e.xuality. (London, 1955) is a key work in the evolution of British att.i.tudes to s.e.xuality.

44 See, e.g., O. Chadwick, See, e.g., O. Chadwick, Michael Ramsey: A Life Michael Ramsey: A Life (Oxford, 1990), 35 - 6. (Oxford, 1990), 35 - 6.

45 D. Bonhoeffer, D. Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison Letters and Papers from Prison (London, 1959) 95, 122, 160. (London, 1959) 95, 122, 160.

46 Kennedy, Kennedy, A Modern Introduction to Theology A Modern Introduction to Theology, 207 - 8.

47 Cf., e.g., U. E. Eisen, Cf., e.g., U. E. Eisen, Women Officeholders in Early Christianity: Epigraphical and Literary Studies Women Officeholders in Early Christianity: Epigraphical and Literary Studies (Collegeville, 2000). (Collegeville, 2000).

48 S. Mumm, 'Women, Priesthood and the Ordained Ministry in the Christian Tradition', in Wolffe (ed.), 190 - 216, at 199. S. Mumm, 'Women, Priesthood and the Ordained Ministry in the Christian Tradition', in Wolffe (ed.), 190 - 216, at 199.

49 Breward, 385. Breward, 385.

50 M. B. McKinley, 'Marie Dentiere: An Outspoken Reformer Enters the French Literary Canon', M. B. McKinley, 'Marie Dentiere: An Outspoken Reformer Enters the French Literary Canon', SCJ SCJ, 37 (2006), 401 - 12.

51 B. A. Brasher, B. A. Brasher, Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism (New York and London, 2001), 18, and cf. ibid., xvii, 16-17, 292-3. Cf. the unb.u.t.toned comment from one well-informed historian (backed up by the Evangelical politician Jerry Falwell) that a fundamentalist is 'an evangelical who is angry about something': G. M. Marsden, (New York and London, 2001), 18, and cf. ibid., xvii, 16-17, 292-3. Cf. the unb.u.t.toned comment from one well-informed historian (backed up by the Evangelical politician Jerry Falwell) that a fundamentalist is 'an evangelical who is angry about something': G. M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, 1991), 1. (Grand Rapids, 1991), 1.

52 R. Freedman, 'The Religious Right and the Carter Administration', R. Freedman, 'The Religious Right and the Carter Administration', HJ HJ, 48 (2005), 231 - 60, esp. 231 (quotation), 236 - 8.

53 W. Ba.s.s, W. Ba.s.s, Support Any Friend: Kennedy's Middle East and the Making of the US-Israel Alliance Support Any Friend: Kennedy's Middle East and the Making of the US-Israel Alliance (Oxford and New York, 2003), esp. 144 - 50. (Oxford and New York, 2003), esp. 144 - 50.

54 M. Northcott, M. Northcott, An Angel Directs the Storm: Apocalyptic Religion and American Empire An Angel Directs the Storm: Apocalyptic Religion and American Empire (London, 2004), 61-8. (London, 2004), 61-8.

55 J. Micklethwait and A. Wooldridge, J. Micklethwait and A. Wooldridge, The Right Nation: Why America is Different The Right Nation: Why America is Different (London, 2004), 214-17. See J. J. Mearsheimer and S. M. Walt, 'The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy', (London, 2004), 214-17. See J. J. Mearsheimer and S. M. Walt, 'The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy', New York Review of Books New York Review of Books, 23 March 2006, and a survey of the extraordinary furore which followed the publication of this piece, M. Ma.s.sing, 'The Storm over the Israel Lobby', New York Review of Books New York Review of Books, 8 June 2006.

56 A point made to me forcefully outside Damascus in October 2008 by His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East. For the dire present plight of Christianity through much of the Middle East, see Dalrymple, A point made to me forcefully outside Damascus in October 2008 by His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East. For the dire present plight of Christianity through much of the Middle East, see Dalrymple, pa.s.sim pa.s.sim, and A. Elon, Jerusalem: City of Mirrors Jerusalem: City of Mirrors (rev. edn, London, 1996), 223 - 34. (rev. edn, London, 1996), 223 - 34.

57 New York Times New York Times, 29 October 2000, main section, 18: ('For Bush, his toughest call was whether to enter the campaign'). It is only fair to add that the report went on to say that 'he does not actively disbelieve in it either, as a friend puts it, "he doesn't really care about that kind of thing" '.