New Word-Analysis Part 56

TENSE, Lat. _tempus_, time, through Fr. _temps_: _a grammatical form of the verb denoting the time of the action or event_.

TRAN'SITIVE, Lat. _transitivus_, from _trans_ and _ire_, _itum_, to pa.s.s over: _a verb that denotes an action terminating on some object_.

VERB, Lat. _verb.u.m_, a word: _a word that predicates action or being_.

VOICE, Lat. _vox_, _vocis_, voice, through Fr. _voix_: _a grammatical form of the transitive verb, expressing whether the subject names the actor or the recipient of the action_.

3.--TERMS IN ARITHMETIC.

ADDI'TION, Lat. _additio_, from _addere_, to add.

AL'IQUOT, Lat. _aliquot_, some.

ARITH'METIC, Gr. adj. _arithmetike_, numerical, from n. _arithmos_, number.

AVOIRDUPOIS', Fr. _avoir du pois_, to have [a fixed or standard] weight.

CANCELLA'TION, Lat. _cancellatio_, from _cancellare_, to make like a lattice (_cancelli_), to strike or cross out.

CENT, Lat. _centum_, a hundred.

CI'PHER, Arabic _sifrun_, empty, zero.

CUBE, Gr. _kubos_, a cubical die.

DEC'IMAL, Lat. _decimus_, tenth, from _decem_, ten.

DENOM'INATOR, Lat. _denominare_, from _de_ and _nominare_ (_nomen_, a name), to call by name.

DIG'IT, Lat. _digitus_, a finger.

DIV'IDEND, Lat. _dividendus_, to be divided, from _dividere_, to divide.

DIVIS'ION, Lat. _divisio_, from _dividere_, to divide.

DIVI'SOR, Sp. _divisor_, that which divides, from Lat. _dividere_, to divide.

DOL'LAR, Ger. _thaler_, an abbreviation of _Joachimsthaler_, i.e. a piece of money first coined, about 1518, in the valley (_thal_) of _St. Joachim_, in Bohemia.

EQUA'TION, Lat. _aequatio_, from _aequus_, equal.

EXPO'NENT, Lat. _exponens_, pres. part. of _exponere_, to set forth (= _ex_ and _ponere_).

FAC'TOR, Lat. _factor_, that which does something, from _facere_, _factum_, to do or make.

FIG'URE, Lat. _figura_, shape, from _fingere_, to form or shape.

FRAC'TION, Lat. _fractio_, from _frangere_, to break.

IN'TEGER, Lat. _integer_, untouched, whole.

IN'TEREST, Lat. _interest_ = it interests, is of interest (3d per. sing.

pres. indic. of _interesse_, to be between, to be of importance).

MIN'UEND, Lat. _minuendus_, to be diminished, from _minuere_, to lessen.

MUL'TIPLE, Lat. _multiplex_, from _multus_, much, and _plicare_, to fold.

MUL'TIPLY, MULTIPLICATION, etc. See _multiple_.

NAUGHT, Anglo-Sax. _nawhit_, from _ne_, not, and _awiht_ or _auht_, aught, anything.

NOTA'TION, Lat. _notatio_, from _notare_, to mark (_nota_, a mark).

NUMERA'TION, Lat. _numeratio_, from _numerus_, a number.

QUO'TIENT, Lat. _quoties_, how often, how many times, from _quot_, how many.

SUBTRACTION, Lat. _subtractio_, from _sub_ and _trahere_, to draw from under.

U'NIT, Lat. _unus_, one.

ZE'RO, Arabic _cifrun_, empty, cipher.

NOTES.

[1] To teachers who are unacquainted with the original _Word-a.n.a.lysis_, the following extract from the Preface to that work may not be out of place:--

"The treatment of the Latin derivatives in Part II. presents a new and important feature, to wit: the systematic a.n.a.lysis of the structure and organism of derivative words, together with the statement of their primary meaning in such form that the pupil inevitably perceives its relation with the root, and in fact _makes_ its primary meaning by the very process of a.n.a.lyzing the word into its primitive and its modifying prefix or suffix.

It presents, also, a marked improvement in the method of approaching the definition,--a method by which the definition is seen to _grow out of_ the primary meaning, and by which the a.n.a.lytic faculty of the pupil is exercised in tracing the transition from the primary meaning to the secondary and figurative meanings,--thus converting what is ordinarily a matter of rote into an agreeable exercise of the thinking faculty. Another point of novelty in the method of treatment is presented in the copious practical exercises on the _use of words_. The experienced instructor very well knows that pupils may memorize endless lists of terms and definitions without having any realization of the actual living power of words. Such a realization can only be gained by _using_ the word,--by turning it over in a variety of ways, and by throwing upon it the side-lights of its synonym and contrasted word. The method of thus utilizing English derivatives gives a study which possesses at once _simplicity_ and _fruitfulness_,--the two desiderata of an instrument of elementary discipline."

[2] "Etymology," Greek _et'umon_, the true literal sense of a word according to its derivation, and _log'os_, a discourse.

[3] "Vocabulary," Latin _vocabula'rium_, a stock of words; from _vox, vocis_, a voice, a word.

[4] By the _Low_ German languages are meant those spoken in the low, flat countries of North Germany, along the coast of the North Sea (as Dutch, the language of Holland); and they are so called in contradistinction to _High_ German, or German proper.

[5] For the full definition, reference should be had to a dictionary; but in the present exercise the literal or etymological signification may suffice.

[6] _Fen'do_, _fen'dere_, is used in Latin only in composition.

[7] Another mode of spelling _defense_.

[8] From _pa.s.s_ and _over_, a feast of the Jews inst.i.tuted to commemorate the providential escape of the Jews to Egypt, when G.o.d, smiting the first-born of the Egyptians _pa.s.sed over_ the houses of the Israelites, which were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb.