The Future: six drivers of global change Part 69

155 "2.4 billion people will lack access to improved sanitation facilities"

Ibid.

156 ill each year due to their drinking water, and tens of thousands die

Jane Qiu, "China to Spend Billions Cleaning Up Groundwater," Science, November 2011, p. 745.

157 growing craze for deep shale gas

Chesapeake Energy, "Water Use in Deep Shale Gas Exploration," 2012, http://www.chk.com/Media/Educational-Library/Fact-Sheets/Corporate/Water_Use_Fact_Sheet.pdf; Jack Healy, "Struggle for Water in Colorado with Rise in Fracking," New York Times, September 5, 2012.

158 supplies in regions that were already experiencing shortages

Chesapeake Energy, "Water Use in Deep Shale Gas Exploration"; Healy, "Struggle for Water in Colorado with Rise in Fracking."

159 water for energy production is projected to grow

International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2012 (Paris: International Energy Agency, 2012).

160 opening new fissures and modifying underground flow patterns

Abrahm l.u.s.tgarten, "Are Fracking Wastewater Wells Poisoning the Ground beneath Our Feet?," Scientific American, June 21, 2012.

161 leaked waste upward into regions containing drinking water aquifers

Ibid.

162 one percent represented by all of the surface freshwater

"Groundwater Depletion Rate Accelerating Worldwide," ScienceDaily, September 23, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100923142503.htm.

163 rate of shrinkage in groundwater aquifers has doubled

Ibid.

164 increases have proceeded at a much faster pace

Ibid.

165 have been drilled by the 100 million Indian farmers

Lester Brown, Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (New York: Norton, 2009), http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/pb4book.pdf.

166 farmers must rely on increasingly unpredictable rainfall

Ibid.

167 Australia, the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in China, and the Elbe

Geoffrey Lean, "Rivers: A Drying Shame," Independent, March 12, 2006.

168 estimated at between 10 and 15 billion

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population to Reach 10 Billion by 2100 If Fertility in All Countries Converges to Replacement Level," May 3, 2011, http://esa.un.org/wpp/Other-Information/Press_Release_WPP2010.pdf.

169 that the most likely range is slightly above 10 billion

Ibid.; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision," 2011, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/a.n.a.lytical-Figures/htm/fig_1.htm.

170 at least the balance of the century as the most populous

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision," 2011, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm.

171 end of the century is projected to have more people than both combined